Second Language (L-2) Learning Theory and Its Application in Speaking Classes

Abstract

This article discusses two main issues related to the theory of learning a second language
and its application in speaking classes, mostly from psycholinguistic perspectives. The first
part discusses the theory of learning the second language which consists of four main
points, namely 1) the theory of language learning in general, 2) the variables that
characterize the second language learning process such as neurological aspects,
psychological aspects and psycho-pedagogic aspects, 3) affective factors in learning the
second language and 4) the role of translation in learning the second language. The second
part is about the application of L-2 learning theory in speaking classes based on the writer's
own experiences. These include issues such as how to deal with the accuracy vs fluency,
how to deal the introvert and extrovert students, how to deal with students’ mistakes in
speaking, and how to empower the students by giving more freedom and trust and building
self-confidence and self-esteem in order that they want to express themselves freely and
confidently.
Keywords: L-2 learning theory, speaking, fluency and accuracy, self-esteem.