Aktivisme Twitter: crowdsourcing melalui tagar #100jutamaskerchallenge
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Keywords:
aktivisme digital, urun daya, tagar, twitter
Abstract
The development of internet technology has become an important part in social and political movements. Social media is an important channel for the digital activism movement in the information era. This study examines the hashtag (#) in driving digital opinion and how hashtags act as a crowdsourcing platform, the method used is virtual ethnography by collecting tweet data related to the hashtag #100JutaMaskerChallenge. The concept of digital activisim and crowdsourcing used to analyze this digital phenomenon. The results of the study shows hashtags as an important factorfor digital activists in gathering information and trigger a movement in the real world.
References
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Cha, M., Benevenuto, F., Haddadi, H., & Gummadi, K. (2010). Measuring User Influence in Twitter: The Million Follower Fallacy. Proceedings - 3rd International Workshop on CrowdSourcing in Software Engineering, CSI-SE 2016, June, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897659.2897663
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Coleman, E. G. (2010). Ethnographic approaches to digital media. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945
Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2012). Fringe public relations: How activism moves critical pr toward the mainstream. Public Relations Review, 38(5), 880–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.02.008
Eriyanto, E. (2020). Hashtags and Digital Movement of Opinion Mobilization: A Social Network Analysis/SNA Study on #BubarkanKPAI vs #KamiBersamaKPAI Hashtags. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v8i3.11591
Fahmi, I. (2020). [@ismailfahmi]. Buat Yang Butuh Masker, Silahkan Langsung Ke Market Place #100JutaMaskerChallenge Ini: Https://Maskcare.Automate.Id Sudah Ada: 418 Penjual 2387 Transaksi 20 Propinsi 100 Kota. https://twitter.com/ismailfahmi/status/1252514560864477184
Freelon, D., McIlwain, C., & Clark, M. (2018). Quantifying the power and consequences of social media protest. New Media and Society, 20(3), 990–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816676646
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Gerbaudo, P. (2017). From cyber-autonomism to cyber-populism: An ideological history of digital activism. TripleC, 15(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V15I2.773
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Hardt, M. (2017). Multiple temporalities of the movements. TripleC, 15(2), 390–392. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i2.888
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Hon, L. (2015). Digital Social Advocacy in the Justice for Trayvon Campaign. Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(4), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2015.1027771
Kaun, A., & Uldam, J. (2018). Digital activism: After the hype. New Media and Society, 20(6), 2099–2106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731924
Kennedy, H. (2009). Book Review: Terry Flew, New Media: An Introduction (3rd edn). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. xi + 304 pp. ISBN 9780195551495, £19.99 (pbk). New Media & Society, 11(3), 455–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448090110030802
Kim, M., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-based political participation and deliberation in the South Korean context by using social network and Triple Helix indicators. Scientometrics, 90(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0508-5
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Mundy, D. E. (2015). Shifting, broadening, and diversifying: How gay pride organizations are reshaping their mission to build crucial relationships in a complex 21st century stakeholder network. Public Relations Inquiry, 4(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X14563565
O’Reilly, T. (2005). What Is Web 2.0. O’Reilly Media. https://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
Radityo, M. (2020, April 1). Kelangkaan Masker Imbas Panic Buying di Tengah Masyarakat. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kelangkaan-masker-imbas-panic-buying-di-tengah-masyarakat.html
Sadasri, L. M. (2019). Kaum muda dan aktivisme politik daring di indonesia. COMNEWS 2019 Conference on Communication and New Media Studies, 93–102. https://proceeding.umn.ac.id/index.php/COMNEWS/article/view/1083
Salmons, J. (2017). Using Social Media in Data Collection: Designing Studies with the Qualitative E-Research Framework. In L. Sloan & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media and Research Methods (pp. 177–196). SAGE Publication. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315167664-14
Sari, N., & Carina, J. (2020, February 18). Ini Penyebab Kelangkaan dan Mahalnya Masker di Jakarta. Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/02/18/15520841/ini-penyebab-kelangkaan-dan-mahalnya-masker-di-jakarta
Stewart, B. (2017). Twitter as Method: Using Twitter as a Tool to Conduct Research. In L. Sloan & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods (pp. 251–265). SAGE Publication.
Stornaiuolo, A., & Thomas, E. E. (2017). Disrupting Educational Inequalities Through Youth Digital Activism. Review of Research in Education, 41(1), 337–357. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16687973
Terras, M. (2016). Crowdsourcing in the Digital Humanities. In A New Companion to Digital Humanities (Issue January). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118680605.ch29
trends.google.com. (2020). Google Trends.
Treré, E., Jeppesen, S., & Mattoni, A. (2017). Comparing digital protest media imaginaries: Anti-austerity movements in Spain, Italy & Greece. TripleC, 15(2), 404–422. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V15I2.772
Uysal, N., & Yang, A. (2013). The power of activist networks in the mass self-communication era: A triangulation study of the impact of WikiLeaks on the stock value of Bank of America. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 459–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.09.007
Velasquez, A., & LaRose, R. (2015). Youth collective activism through social media: The role of collective efficacy. New Media and Society, 17(6), 899–918. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813518391
wargabantuwarga.com. (2021). Tentang Kami: #WargaBantuWarga. https://www.wargabantuwarga.com/tentang-kami
Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: The case of #blacklivesmatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692
Bortree, D. S., & Seltzer, T. (2009). Dialogic strategies and outcomes: An analysis of environmental advocacy groups’ Facebook profiles. Public Relations Review, 35(3), 317–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.05.002
Brabham, D. (2013). Crowdsourcing. The MIT Press.
Bruns, A., & Burgess, J. (2011). The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. European Consortium for Political Research Conference, Reykjavík, 25-27 Aug. 2011, 1–9. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/46515/%0Ahttp://snurb.info/files/2011/The Use of Twitter Hashtags in the Formation of Ad Hoc Publics (final).pdf
Carney, N. (2016). All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media. Humanity & Society, 40(2), 180–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160597616643868
Cha, M., Benevenuto, F., Haddadi, H., & Gummadi, K. (2010). Measuring User Influence in Twitter: The Million Follower Fallacy. Proceedings - 3rd International Workshop on CrowdSourcing in Software Engineering, CSI-SE 2016, June, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897659.2897663
CNN. (2020). Menakar Efektivitas Masker Kain Cegah Penyebaran Virus. Cnnindonesia.Com. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20200303213313-255-480256/menakar-efektivitas-masker-kain-cegah-penyebaran-virus
Coleman, E. G. (2010). Ethnographic approaches to digital media. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104945
Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2012). Fringe public relations: How activism moves critical pr toward the mainstream. Public Relations Review, 38(5), 880–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.02.008
Eriyanto, E. (2020). Hashtags and Digital Movement of Opinion Mobilization: A Social Network Analysis/SNA Study on #BubarkanKPAI vs #KamiBersamaKPAI Hashtags. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v8i3.11591
Fahmi, I. (2020). [@ismailfahmi]. Buat Yang Butuh Masker, Silahkan Langsung Ke Market Place #100JutaMaskerChallenge Ini: Https://Maskcare.Automate.Id Sudah Ada: 418 Penjual 2387 Transaksi 20 Propinsi 100 Kota. https://twitter.com/ismailfahmi/status/1252514560864477184
Freelon, D., McIlwain, C., & Clark, M. (2018). Quantifying the power and consequences of social media protest. New Media and Society, 20(3), 990–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816676646
Gerbaudo, P. (2012). Tweets and the Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism. Pluto Press.
Gerbaudo, P. (2017). From cyber-autonomism to cyber-populism: An ideological history of digital activism. TripleC, 15(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V15I2.773
Gruzd, A., Wellman, B., & Takhteyev, Y. (2011). Imagining twitter as an imagined community. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(10), 1294–1318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211409378
Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2014). Tweeting Social Change: How Social Media Are Changing Nonprofit Advocacy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764012471585
Hardt, M. (2017). Multiple temporalities of the movements. TripleC, 15(2), 390–392. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i2.888
Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. In SAGE Publications. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020277
Hon, L. (2015). Digital Social Advocacy in the Justice for Trayvon Campaign. Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(4), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2015.1027771
Kaun, A., & Uldam, J. (2018). Digital activism: After the hype. New Media and Society, 20(6), 2099–2106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731924
Kennedy, H. (2009). Book Review: Terry Flew, New Media: An Introduction (3rd edn). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. xi + 304 pp. ISBN 9780195551495, £19.99 (pbk). New Media & Society, 11(3), 455–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448090110030802
Kim, M., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-based political participation and deliberation in the South Korean context by using social network and Triple Helix indicators. Scientometrics, 90(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0508-5
Liu, S. B. (2014). Crisis Crowdsourcing Framework: Designing Strategic Configurations of Crowdsourcing for the Emergency Management Domain. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW: An International Journal, 23(4–6), 389–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-014-9204-3
Mundy, D. E. (2015). Shifting, broadening, and diversifying: How gay pride organizations are reshaping their mission to build crucial relationships in a complex 21st century stakeholder network. Public Relations Inquiry, 4(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X14563565
O’Reilly, T. (2005). What Is Web 2.0. O’Reilly Media. https://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
Radityo, M. (2020, April 1). Kelangkaan Masker Imbas Panic Buying di Tengah Masyarakat. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kelangkaan-masker-imbas-panic-buying-di-tengah-masyarakat.html
Sadasri, L. M. (2019). Kaum muda dan aktivisme politik daring di indonesia. COMNEWS 2019 Conference on Communication and New Media Studies, 93–102. https://proceeding.umn.ac.id/index.php/COMNEWS/article/view/1083
Salmons, J. (2017). Using Social Media in Data Collection: Designing Studies with the Qualitative E-Research Framework. In L. Sloan & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media and Research Methods (pp. 177–196). SAGE Publication. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315167664-14
Sari, N., & Carina, J. (2020, February 18). Ini Penyebab Kelangkaan dan Mahalnya Masker di Jakarta. Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/02/18/15520841/ini-penyebab-kelangkaan-dan-mahalnya-masker-di-jakarta
Stewart, B. (2017). Twitter as Method: Using Twitter as a Tool to Conduct Research. In L. Sloan & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods (pp. 251–265). SAGE Publication.
Stornaiuolo, A., & Thomas, E. E. (2017). Disrupting Educational Inequalities Through Youth Digital Activism. Review of Research in Education, 41(1), 337–357. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16687973
Terras, M. (2016). Crowdsourcing in the Digital Humanities. In A New Companion to Digital Humanities (Issue January). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118680605.ch29
trends.google.com. (2020). Google Trends.
Treré, E., Jeppesen, S., & Mattoni, A. (2017). Comparing digital protest media imaginaries: Anti-austerity movements in Spain, Italy & Greece. TripleC, 15(2), 404–422. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V15I2.772
Uysal, N., & Yang, A. (2013). The power of activist networks in the mass self-communication era: A triangulation study of the impact of WikiLeaks on the stock value of Bank of America. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 459–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.09.007
Velasquez, A., & LaRose, R. (2015). Youth collective activism through social media: The role of collective efficacy. New Media and Society, 17(6), 899–918. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813518391
wargabantuwarga.com. (2021). Tentang Kami: #WargaBantuWarga. https://www.wargabantuwarga.com/tentang-kami
Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: The case of #blacklivesmatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692
Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
Putraji, Z. I. (2022). Aktivisme Twitter: crowdsourcing melalui tagar #100jutamaskerchallenge. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 6(4), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v6i4.4521
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