Implementasi Open Government Indonesia melalui Saluran Youtube Resmi Sekretariat Presiden
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Keywords:
Open Government, Social mediatization, Youtube, Sekretariat Presiden
Abstract
Inisiasi Open Government adalah berbagai upaya yang dapat membuat pemerintah lebih mudah diakses oleh semua orang yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan legitimasi pemerintah di mata publik. Logika media sosial yang menawarkan konektivitas, programabilitas, dan popularitas dapat sangat bermanfaat untuk mendukung transparansi, partisipasi, dan kolaborasi pemerintah dengan masyarakatnya. Pengaplikasian media sosial dalam rangka mewujudkan keterbukaan kepada masyarakat juga dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dengan membuka saluran YouTube Sekretariat Presiden pada 2019. Saluran ini membagikan informasi berupa konten video dan live stream terkait kinerja pemerintah serta isu-isu terkini. Penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai pengaplikasian YouTube sebagai implementasi Open government di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif dengan teori terpadu Open government dan Social Mediatization yang digagaskan oleh Lim, et. al. (2022) sebagai kerangka berpikir. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur kepada mahasiswa pascasarjana komunikasi Universitas Indonesia yang juga merupakan Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di bidang kehumasan serta berbagai literatur pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saluran YouTube Sekretariat Presiden menjadi salah satu sarana yang memberdayakan pemerintahan terbuka serta memungkinkan terjadinya ketersediaan informasi dan transparansi bagi publik. Partisipasi dan kolaborasi menjadi terbatas dikarenakan saluran YouTube ini masih menggunakan komunikasi satu arah, kurangnya umpan balik dari pengelola saluran, dan latar belakang masyarakat Indonesia yang masih mengalami kesenjangan digital. Meskipun demikian, pengaplikasian saluran Sekretariat Presiden dalam inisiasi keterbukaan pemerintah sudah sesuai dengan tujuan kehumasan pemerintah, yakni sebagai sarana diseminasi informasi yang kredibel dan transparan.
References
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Graham, W. M. (2014). Government Communication in the Digital Age: Social Media’s Effect on Local Government Publik Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 3(3) 361–376. DOI: 10.1177/2046147X14545371
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Gunawan, D. & Amalia, A. (2016). The Implementation of Open Data in Indonesia. International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE). DOI:10.1109/ICODSE.2016.7936164
Gunawong, P. (2014). Open government and Social Media: A Focus on Transparency. Social Science Computer Review, 33(5), 587–598. DOI: 10.1177/0894439314560685
Gunawong P. & Jankananon, P. (2015). Flood 2.0: Facebook Use and Reactions During the 2011/2012 Flood in Thailand. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 17(2), 162–173. DOI:10.1504/IJIL.2015.067405
Harrison, T. M., Guerrero, S., Burke, G. B., Cook, M., Cresswell, A., Helbig, N., … Pardo, T. (2012). Open government and E-Government: Democratic Challenges from A Publik Value Perspective. Information Polity, 17(2), 83–97. doi:10.3233/IP-2012-0269
Hidayat, S. E., Rafiki, A. & Al Khalifa, M. H. (2019). The Social Media Adoption of Public Sector in The Kingdom of Bahrain. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(1), 23–37. DOI: 10. 1108/JAMR-11-2017-0105
Khurshid, M. M., Zakaria, N.H., Rashid, A., et al. (2020). Modeling of Open government Data for Public Sector Organizations Using the Potential Theories and Determinants—A Systematic Review. Informatics, 7(3), 24. DOI: 10.3390/informatics7030024
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2019). Marketing 3.0: From Products to Customers to The Human Spirit. In: Kompella K (ed) Marketing Wisdom. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 139–156. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7724-1_10
Lathrop, D., & Ruma, L. (2010). Open government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice. Newton, MA: O’Reilly Media, Inc
Lee, G., & Kwak, Y. H. (2012). An Open government Maturity Model for Social Media-based Public Engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 492–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2012. 06.001
Lim, W. M., Rasul, T., Ahmad, A. (2022). A Unified Theory of Open Government and Social Mediatization. Business Information Review, 0(0) 1–9. DOI: 10.1177/02663821221104393
Lovari, A. & Valentini, C. (2020). Public Sector Communication and Social Media: Opportunities and Limits of Current Policies, Activities, and Practices. In: Luoma-aho, V. & Canel, M. J. (eds) The Handbook of Publik Sector Communication. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 315–328. DOI: 10.1002/9781119263203.ch21
Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for The Social Sciences. Ninth Edition. Boston: Pearson.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation Research: Moving Characterization Forward (2006–2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.02.010
Meijer, A. (2013). Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency. Public Administration Review, 73(3), 429–439. doi:10.1111/puar.12032
Mergel, I. (2013) A Framework for Interpreting Social Media Interactions in The Public Sector. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 327–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.015
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Second Edition. Sage Publikation.
Munoz, C. A., Munoz, L. A., & Bolivar, M. P. R. (2022). Strategic Alignment of Open Government Initiatives in Andalusia. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 1–18. DOI: 10.1177/0020852322108612.
Obembe, D., Al Mansour, J. & Kolade, O. (2020). Strategy Communication and Transition Dynamics Amongst Managers: A Public Sector Organization Perspective. Management Decision. Epub ahead-of-print. DOI: 10.1108/MD-11-2019-1589
OECD. (2016a). Open government: The Global Context and the Way Forward. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268104-en
OECD. (2016b). Open government in Indonesia, OECD Public Governance Reviews. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/
Palys, T. (2008). Purposive sampling. In L. M. Given (Ed.) The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. (Vol.2). Sage: Los Angeles
Perron, B. E., Taylor, H. O., Glass, J.E., et al. (2010). Information and Communication Technologies in Social Work. Advances in Social Work, 11(2), 67–81. DOI: 10.18060/241
Pirannjead, A. & Ingrams, A. (2022). Open Government Maturity Models: A Global Comparison. Social Science Computer Review 2022, Vol. 0(0) 1–26. DOI: 10.1177/08944393211063107
Plantinga, P. & Adams, R. (2021) Rethinking Open Government as Innovation for Inclusive Development: Open Access, Data and ICT in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(3), 315-323. DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746046
Purwanto, A., Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M. (2019). Citizen Engagement with Open Government Data: Lessons Learned from Indonesia’s Presidential Election. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(01), 1-30. DOI 10.1108/TG-06-2019-0051
Rao, H.R., Vemprala, N., Akello, P., et al. (2020). Retweets of Officials’ Alarming vs Reassuring Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Crisis Management. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102187
Rosenberger, M., Lehrer, C. & Jung, R. (2017). Integrating Data from User Activities of Social Networks into Publik Administrations. 8 Business Information Review 0(0) Information Systems Frontiers 19(2), 253–266. DOI: 10. 1007/s10796-016-9682-6
Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2020). Analyzing Open Government Policy Adoption through the Multiple Streams Framework: The Roles of Policy Entrepreneurs in the Case of Madrid. Public Policy and Administration, 0(0), 1–32. DOI: 10.1177/0952076720936349
Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Sandoval-Almazan R. (2022). Contrasting the Perception of Open government among Public Officials: A Factor Analysis of Mexico and Spain. International Journal of Publik Administration. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2022.2075383
Sabani, A., Deng, H., Thai, V. (2019). Evaluating the Development of E-Government in Indonesia. ICSIM 2019, January 10–13, 2019, Bali, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1145/3305160.3305191
Sandoval-Almazan, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2012). Are Government Internet Portals Evolving towards More Interaction, Participation, and Collaboration? Revisiting the Rhetoric of E-Government among Municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29, S72–S81. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.09.004
Schnell, S. (2020). Vision, Voice, and Technology: Is There a Global “Open government” Trend?. Administration & Society, 52(10), 1593–1620. DOI: 10.1177/0095399720918316
Social Blade. Sekretariat Presiden Youtube Metrics [Online]. Retrieved from: https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/sekretariatpresiden
Unit Kerja Presiden Bidang Pengawasan Pengendalian Pembangunan (UKP-PPP). Portal Data Indonesia [Online]. Retrieved from: http://data.go.id.
Utama, R. P., Purwandari, B., Satria, R., & Kumaralalita, L. (2019). Open Government Maturity Measurement on Social Media Usage: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Indonesia Case Study. ICBIM 2019, September 12–14, 2019, Paris, France. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3361785.3361807.
Van Dijck, J. & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding Social Media Logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2–14. DOI: 10.12924/mac2013.01010002
Vicente, M. R., & Novo, A. (2014). An Empirical Analysis of E-Participation: The Role of Social Networks and E-Government over Citizens’ Online Engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 31(3), 379–387. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.12.006
We Are Social & Kepios. 2022. Digital 2022 Indonesia.
Willis, J. W. (2007). Foundations of Qualitative Research: Interpretive and Critical Approaches. London: Sage.
Yanow, D. (2006). Qualitative-Interpretive Methods in Policy Research in Handbook of Public Policy Analysis. Routledge.
Zhou, L. & Wang, T. (2014). Social Media: A New Vehicle for City Marketing in China. Cities, 37, 27–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities. 2013.11.006
Zuiderwijk, A., Gasco, M., Parycek, P., & Janssen, M. (2014). Guest Editors’ Introduction. Innovation through Open Data: A Review of The State-of-The-Art and An Emerging Research Agenda. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(3), I–XIII. doi:10.4067/S0718-18762014000200001
Alon-Barkat, S. (2019). Can Government Public Communications Elicit Undue Trust? Exploring the Interaction between Symbols and Substantive Information in Communications. Journal of Publik Administration Research and Theory, 30(1), 77–95. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muz013
Ariansyah, K., Anandhita, V. H., and Sari, D. (2019). Investigating the Next Level Digital Divide in Indonesia. 2019 4th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON), 1-5. doi: 10.1109/TIMES-iCON47539.2019.9024668.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to Create a Culture of Transparency: E-Government and Social Media as Openness and Anti-Corruption Tools for Societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq. 2010.03.001
Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods (4th Edition). Oxford University Press.
Chen, Q., Min, C., & Zhang, W., et al. (2020) Unpacking the Black Box: How to Promote Citizen Engagement through Government Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis. Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106380. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106380
Chun, S. A., & Reyes, L. F. L. (2012). Social Media in Government. Government Information Quarterly, 29, 441–445. DOI:10.1016/j.giq.2012.07.003
Dawes, S. S. (2010). Stewardship and Usefulness: Policy Principles for Information-based Transparency. Government Information Quarterly, 27(4), 377–383. DOI:10.1016/j.giq.2010. 07.001
Ezema, J. (2022): Availability and Access to Open government Data in Nigeria: A Content Analysis of Government Websites and Nigerian Data Portal. International Information & Library Review, DOI: 10.1080/10572317.2022.2061813
Fierro, A. E., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2012). Transparency Websites as Tools for Decision Making in A Democratic Government. Transatlantic Conference on Transparency Research. Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Ganapati, S., & Reddick, C. G. (2014). The Use of ICT for Open government in US Municipalities: Perceptions of Chief Administrative Officers. Public Performance & Management Review, 37(3), 365–387. DOI: 10.2753/PMR1530-9576370302
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Gasco-Hernandez, M., & Pardo, T. A. (2020). Beyond Transparency, Participation, and Collaboration? A Reflection on the Dimensions of Open government. Public Performance & Management Review, 43:3, 483-502. DOI: 10.1080/15309576.2020.1734726
Graham, W. M. (2014). Government Communication in the Digital Age: Social Media’s Effect on Local Government Publik Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 3(3) 361–376. DOI: 10.1177/2046147X14545371
Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2009). Do Transparent Government Agencies Strengthen Trust?. Information Polity, 14(3), 173–186. doi:10.3233/IP-2009-0175
Gunawan, D. & Amalia, A. (2016). The Implementation of Open Data in Indonesia. International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE). DOI:10.1109/ICODSE.2016.7936164
Gunawong, P. (2014). Open government and Social Media: A Focus on Transparency. Social Science Computer Review, 33(5), 587–598. DOI: 10.1177/0894439314560685
Gunawong P. & Jankananon, P. (2015). Flood 2.0: Facebook Use and Reactions During the 2011/2012 Flood in Thailand. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 17(2), 162–173. DOI:10.1504/IJIL.2015.067405
Harrison, T. M., Guerrero, S., Burke, G. B., Cook, M., Cresswell, A., Helbig, N., … Pardo, T. (2012). Open government and E-Government: Democratic Challenges from A Publik Value Perspective. Information Polity, 17(2), 83–97. doi:10.3233/IP-2012-0269
Hidayat, S. E., Rafiki, A. & Al Khalifa, M. H. (2019). The Social Media Adoption of Public Sector in The Kingdom of Bahrain. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(1), 23–37. DOI: 10. 1108/JAMR-11-2017-0105
Khurshid, M. M., Zakaria, N.H., Rashid, A., et al. (2020). Modeling of Open government Data for Public Sector Organizations Using the Potential Theories and Determinants—A Systematic Review. Informatics, 7(3), 24. DOI: 10.3390/informatics7030024
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2019). Marketing 3.0: From Products to Customers to The Human Spirit. In: Kompella K (ed) Marketing Wisdom. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 139–156. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7724-1_10
Lathrop, D., & Ruma, L. (2010). Open government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice. Newton, MA: O’Reilly Media, Inc
Lee, G., & Kwak, Y. H. (2012). An Open government Maturity Model for Social Media-based Public Engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 492–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2012. 06.001
Lim, W. M., Rasul, T., Ahmad, A. (2022). A Unified Theory of Open Government and Social Mediatization. Business Information Review, 0(0) 1–9. DOI: 10.1177/02663821221104393
Lovari, A. & Valentini, C. (2020). Public Sector Communication and Social Media: Opportunities and Limits of Current Policies, Activities, and Practices. In: Luoma-aho, V. & Canel, M. J. (eds) The Handbook of Publik Sector Communication. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 315–328. DOI: 10.1002/9781119263203.ch21
Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for The Social Sciences. Ninth Edition. Boston: Pearson.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation Research: Moving Characterization Forward (2006–2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.02.010
Meijer, A. (2013). Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency. Public Administration Review, 73(3), 429–439. doi:10.1111/puar.12032
Mergel, I. (2013) A Framework for Interpreting Social Media Interactions in The Public Sector. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 327–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.015
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Second Edition. Sage Publikation.
Munoz, C. A., Munoz, L. A., & Bolivar, M. P. R. (2022). Strategic Alignment of Open Government Initiatives in Andalusia. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 1–18. DOI: 10.1177/0020852322108612.
Obembe, D., Al Mansour, J. & Kolade, O. (2020). Strategy Communication and Transition Dynamics Amongst Managers: A Public Sector Organization Perspective. Management Decision. Epub ahead-of-print. DOI: 10.1108/MD-11-2019-1589
OECD. (2016a). Open government: The Global Context and the Way Forward. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264268104-en
OECD. (2016b). Open government in Indonesia, OECD Public Governance Reviews. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/
Palys, T. (2008). Purposive sampling. In L. M. Given (Ed.) The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. (Vol.2). Sage: Los Angeles
Perron, B. E., Taylor, H. O., Glass, J.E., et al. (2010). Information and Communication Technologies in Social Work. Advances in Social Work, 11(2), 67–81. DOI: 10.18060/241
Pirannjead, A. & Ingrams, A. (2022). Open Government Maturity Models: A Global Comparison. Social Science Computer Review 2022, Vol. 0(0) 1–26. DOI: 10.1177/08944393211063107
Plantinga, P. & Adams, R. (2021) Rethinking Open Government as Innovation for Inclusive Development: Open Access, Data and ICT in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(3), 315-323. DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746046
Purwanto, A., Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M. (2019). Citizen Engagement with Open Government Data: Lessons Learned from Indonesia’s Presidential Election. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(01), 1-30. DOI 10.1108/TG-06-2019-0051
Rao, H.R., Vemprala, N., Akello, P., et al. (2020). Retweets of Officials’ Alarming vs Reassuring Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Crisis Management. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102187
Rosenberger, M., Lehrer, C. & Jung, R. (2017). Integrating Data from User Activities of Social Networks into Publik Administrations. 8 Business Information Review 0(0) Information Systems Frontiers 19(2), 253–266. DOI: 10. 1007/s10796-016-9682-6
Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2020). Analyzing Open Government Policy Adoption through the Multiple Streams Framework: The Roles of Policy Entrepreneurs in the Case of Madrid. Public Policy and Administration, 0(0), 1–32. DOI: 10.1177/0952076720936349
Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Sandoval-Almazan R. (2022). Contrasting the Perception of Open government among Public Officials: A Factor Analysis of Mexico and Spain. International Journal of Publik Administration. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2022.2075383
Sabani, A., Deng, H., Thai, V. (2019). Evaluating the Development of E-Government in Indonesia. ICSIM 2019, January 10–13, 2019, Bali, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1145/3305160.3305191
Sandoval-Almazan, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2012). Are Government Internet Portals Evolving towards More Interaction, Participation, and Collaboration? Revisiting the Rhetoric of E-Government among Municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29, S72–S81. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.09.004
Schnell, S. (2020). Vision, Voice, and Technology: Is There a Global “Open government” Trend?. Administration & Society, 52(10), 1593–1620. DOI: 10.1177/0095399720918316
Social Blade. Sekretariat Presiden Youtube Metrics [Online]. Retrieved from: https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/sekretariatpresiden
Unit Kerja Presiden Bidang Pengawasan Pengendalian Pembangunan (UKP-PPP). Portal Data Indonesia [Online]. Retrieved from: http://data.go.id.
Utama, R. P., Purwandari, B., Satria, R., & Kumaralalita, L. (2019). Open Government Maturity Measurement on Social Media Usage: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Indonesia Case Study. ICBIM 2019, September 12–14, 2019, Paris, France. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3361785.3361807.
Van Dijck, J. & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding Social Media Logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2–14. DOI: 10.12924/mac2013.01010002
Vicente, M. R., & Novo, A. (2014). An Empirical Analysis of E-Participation: The Role of Social Networks and E-Government over Citizens’ Online Engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 31(3), 379–387. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.12.006
We Are Social & Kepios. 2022. Digital 2022 Indonesia.
Willis, J. W. (2007). Foundations of Qualitative Research: Interpretive and Critical Approaches. London: Sage.
Yanow, D. (2006). Qualitative-Interpretive Methods in Policy Research in Handbook of Public Policy Analysis. Routledge.
Zhou, L. & Wang, T. (2014). Social Media: A New Vehicle for City Marketing in China. Cities, 37, 27–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities. 2013.11.006
Zuiderwijk, A., Gasco, M., Parycek, P., & Janssen, M. (2014). Guest Editors’ Introduction. Innovation through Open Data: A Review of The State-of-The-Art and An Emerging Research Agenda. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(3), I–XIII. doi:10.4067/S0718-18762014000200001
Published
2023-03-16
How to Cite
Agustina, I. R. (2023). Implementasi Open Government Indonesia melalui Saluran Youtube Resmi Sekretariat Presiden. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 7(1), 134 - 151. https://doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v7i1.5674
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