Culture Differences of Indonesia Ethnic Minorities in Non-verbal Communication

Indonesia’s islands are homes to a diverse ethnic and religious group which have given rise to a large number of cultural practices. Despite their cultural wealth, Indonesian Ethnic Minorities have been facing many problems regarding their cultural heritage existence. Most of their problems occur due to the inharmonious relationship between them and the government. Therefore, cultural approach is needed as a means to bridge the gap between the indigenous groups with the government by socialising the cultural aspects in the academic environment. By doing so, people from academic environment can take part in preserving those cultures by joining some performances, learning to play traditional instruments and raising awareness in the society. As a result, people in academic environment will have a chance to show the government that those cultural heritages need to be preserved. At the same time, the Ethnic Minorities will understand that there are some people who are aware of the cultural values. In the end, the Ethnic Minorities can work hand in hand with the government in the cultural preservation and development.


INTRODUCTION
There is ongoing debate on the definition of ethnic minorities in Indonesia.Many terms have been used to describe their communities: native people, isolated people, rotational forest farmers, adat communities or adat law communities, and many others.Each term has different program implications.
Each term has different program implications.This section explains their use, rationale, and implications, and why the "adat community" term is discussed.
Indonesia has a population of around 210 million people, including 500 ethnic groups speaking more than 600 languages (Alcorn, 2000).This ethnic diversity is understood as an asset of cultural riches supporting state unity, which is reflected in the national slogan, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Term in Sanskrit 1 ), in English became: "Unity in diversity".During the New Order (Orde Baru -Suharto's Era) period, tunggal ika (unity) which usually was understood as unified, standardized effort was more strongly emphasized than bhinneka (diversity).Many efforts were made to limit the expression of ethnic identity through policies and programs on development emphasizing uniformity.Raising ethnic identity was considered dangerous to state unity.
According to Baumann (2004), Ratcliffe (2010), andBulmer (1996), ethnic group is defined as a group which has the same origin, history, culture, language, experience and values.It explained that every ethnic group has its own identity in the form of languages and cultural practices.

Communication
As the medium between the individual and culture (Corder, 1973) which means that the language is the principal vehicle to deliver the cultural knowledge, attitude change, social perception, personal identity, social interaction and so on (Krauss & Chiu, n.d), language and culture are two things that cannot be separated.It can be said that language represents culture and the way people acquire the language is through culture (Mahadi & Jafari, 2012).However, what if the language itself cannot accommodate the communication between different ethnic groups?
Most linguists often say that language and communication are two different things.However, they are closely correlated and interrelated.Sapir (1921) pointed out that culture and social behaviour involves communication both explicit or implicit.
Since Ethnic Minorities have their distinct language and culture, verbal communication seems hard to be done.
In this case, non-verbal communication can be a way to deliver any messages from the indigenous ethnic groups to those who are aware that there are more values in the indigenous culture that should be preserved.

Cultural Preservation
Cultural heritage covers the

B. Dance
As mentioned before that Bali is famous for its various dances.As the part of the culture, dances are not merely a combination of movements, but also a story that can be told without

D. Sculpture
As one of the cultural identity of particular ethnic group, sculpture is often found in several areas in Indonesia.One of the region that keeps producing sculpture are Bali, Jogja, and Solo.The sculpture produced by their ethnic groups are different based on their historical values.

E. Painting
Similar to dances and sculpture, most of the Indonesian paintings are originated from Bali.Balinese artist tend to paint the cultural practices in Bali as well as the daily activities of Balinese people.Painting is also a way to perpetuate the cultural heritage of Bali.

F. Architecture / Infrastructure
The ancient architecture can be found in the ancient historical building such as temple.In Indonesia, there are several well-known temples that have its own stories.For instance, Borobudur Temple in Magelang, Central Java.
Borobudur Temple is a symbol of the greatness of Syailendra Dinasty which ruled Java for centuries (UNESCO, Borobudur Temple Compounds, 2016).

G. Cuisine
Indonesia is rich for its herbs and spices.It makes Indonesia has a diverse cuisine that can be a symbol of a particular ethnic group.One of the most well-known cuisine is Rendang which is originated from Padang, West Sumatera.Besides that, Sumateran food is also well-known for its spiciness that might not be found in any other places in Indonesia.In Java, people can find a diverse cuisine ranging from the sweet to the spicy one.Since Java is occupied by several ethnic groups, it is easy to find different tasty traditional food.For instance, Gudeg which is originated from Yogyakarta that has sweet taste.
However, not all of ethnic groups have a chance to show and preserve their cultural heritage, especially Ethnic Minorities.In fact, ethnic groups occupied Indonesian territory long before the nation was established.Therefore, they are called Ethnic minorities or indigenous people of Indonesia.Based on this, some parties consider all ethnic groups throughout Indonesia to be indigenous peoples.In this modern era with so many changes and developments happening, Ethnic Minorities have been facing several factors such as urban development, popular culture, lack of facilities and cooperation with the government, and many other factors that . For instance, in Indonesia, Bali is famous for its various dances, Java is famous for its Wayang (puppets made from animal skin), Jakarta is famous for its Lenong (traditional theatrical performance), and many other traditional We must admit that music always plays an important role in the human society.Despite the linguistics barrier that always occurs in every music from different ethnic groups or societies, people can still enjoy the melody and the feeling that need to be conveyed by the composer(Garfias,   2004).This thing also happened in Indonesia.With more than 300 ethnic groups that have different cultural arts, especially music, people from different ethnic groups in Indonesia can still enjoy and learn the music from other ethnic groups.
a verbal communication.According to UNESCO (2015), Balinese dances are divided into three groups which are sacred, semi-sacred and that for the purpose of enjoyment.Those dances are categorised based on their purpose.Due to its uniqueness, dances can be an identity of a particular ethnic group and people can learn more about that ethnic group through its dances.

However
has more than 300 ethnic groups.It is surrounded by oceans, seas and straits unless where it shares an island border with East Malaysia and Brunei on Borneo (Kalimantan); with Papua New Guinea on New Guinea; and Timor Loro Sea on Timor.West Malaysia lies across the strait of Malaka, the Philipines lies to the northeast, and Australia lies to the south (Alisyahbana and Takdir, 1966

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Native Indonesians / Pribumi (Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape.Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003)