Analisis pembentukan ekspektasi wisata lewat fitur pendukung pencarian informasi di Instagram
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Abstract
Social media basically reshapes the way information is distributed and consumed. Through user-generated content, Instagram users become active players and act as providers and connoisseurs of information. Instagram users can freely share their travel experiences through uploads that include hashtags and geotags. Through searching using hashtags and geotags, tourists can help with initial expectations. This study aimed to analyse the process of forming tourism expectations through hashtags and geotagging on social media Instagram. The research method used was a qualitative method with data collection through interviews with 10 informants. This study revealed the role of user involvement in hashtags and geotags in shaping expectations. Information search support features such as hashtags and geotags have been shown to support the formation of initial expectations of tourists, ranging from geographical descriptions of places to nearby accommodations. In addition, the visual content factor that attracts the attention and information contained in the content through the tag or text feature also plays a role for user decision making.
References
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Fotis, J. N. (2015). The use of social media and its impacts on consumer behaviour : the context of holiday travel. In the Use of Socialmedia and Its Impacts on Consumer Behaviour: the Context of Holiday Travel.
Gretzel, U., & Yoo, K. H. (2008). Use and Impact of Online Travel Reviews. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008 (pp. 35–46). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-77280-5_4
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Knapp, L., & Baum, N. (2015). Hashtags and How to Use Them on Social Media. The Journal of Medical Practice Management : MPM, 31(2), 131–133.
Krisna, D. F., Handayani, P. W., & Azzahro, F. (2019). The antecedents of hashtag and geotag use in smart tourism: case study in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(12), 1141–1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1665559
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Lund, N. F., Cohen, S. A., & Scarles, C. (2018). The power of social media storytelling in destination branding. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8(May 2017), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.003
Luo, Q., & Zhong, D. (2015). Using social network analysis to explain communication characteristics of travel-related electronic word-of-mouth on social networking sites. Tourism Management, 46, 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.07.007
Mack, R. W., Blose, J. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Believe it or not: Credibility of blogs in tourism. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707087521
MacKay, K. J., & Couldwell, C. M. (2004). Using visitor-employed photography to investigate destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504263035
Montero Lorenzo, J., Fernández-Avilés Calderón, G., & García Centeno, M. (2010). Revisiting the expectancy/disconfirmation paradigm for small questionnaires: the cultural/heritage tourism case. Rect@, i, 155–178.
Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2013). Trust and Involvement in Tourism Social Media and Web-Based Travel Information Sources. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2013.764511
Narangajavana, Y., José, L., Fiol, C., Ángel, M., Tena, M., María, R., Artola, R., & García, J. S. (2017). Annals of Tourism Research The influence of social media in creating expectations . An empirical study for a tourist destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 65, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.002
Nezakati, H., Amidi, A., Jusoh, Y. Y., Moghadas, S., Aziz, Y. A., & Sohrabinezhadtalemi, R. (2015). Review of Social Media Potential on Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration in Tourism Industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.344
Paül i Agustí, D. (2018). Characterizing the location of tourist images in cities. Differences in user-generated images (Instagram), official tourist brochures and travel guides. Annals of Tourism Research, 73(August), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.09.001
Rattenbury, T., Good, N., & Naaman, M. (2007). Towards automatic extraction of event and place semantics from flickr tags. Proceedings of the 30th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR’07, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1145/1277741.1277762
Sedera, D., Lokuge, S., Atapattu, M., & Gretzel, U. (2017). Information & Management Likes — The key to my happiness : The moderating e ff ect of social in fl uence on travel experience. 54(April), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.04.003
Sigala, M. (2012). Development : Findings and Implications from the Greek Tourism Industry. 566(August), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Stasiak, A. (2013). – CONTEMPORARY TOURISM.
Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F. (2013). Visual destination images of Peru : Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography q. JTMA, 36, 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.006
Tung, V. W. S., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
Vogt, C. A., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1998). Expanding the functional information search model. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3), 551–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00010-3
We Are Social. (2019). Trends shaping social in 2019. We Are Social. https://wearesocial.com/uk/thinkforward-2019
Wilson, A., Murphy, H., & Fierro, J. C. (2012). Hospitality and Travel: The Nature and Implications of User-Generated Content. In Cornell Hospitality Quarterly (Vol. 53, Issue 3, pp. 220–228). https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512449317
Xiang, Z., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.016
Yoo, K. H., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Antecedents and impacts of trust in travel-related consumer-generated media. 12.
Yoo, K. H., & Gretzel, U. (2011). Antecedents and Impacts of Trust in Travel-Related Consumer-Generated Media. Information Technology & Tourism, 12(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830510x12887971002701
Zeng, B., & Gerritsen, R. (2014). What do we know about social media in tourism? A review. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 10, pp. 27–36). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001
Zheng, V. W., Zheng, Y., Xie, X., & Yang, Q. (2010). Collaborative location and activity recommendations with GPS history data. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW ’10, 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1145/1772690.1772795
Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2011). Vacationers and eWOM: Who posts, and why, where, and what? Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509355324
Brown, S. A., Venkatesh, V., Kuruzovich, J., & Massey, A. P. (2008). Expectation confirmation: An examination of three competing models. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.008
Buarki, H., & Alkhateeb, B. (2018). Use of hashtags to retrieve information on the web. Electronic Library, 36(2), 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2017-0011
Chung, N., & Koo, C. (2015). The use of social media in travel information search. Telematics and Informatics, 32(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.08.005
Chung, N., & Lee, H. (2016). Sharing economy in geotag: what are the travelers’ goals sharing their locations by using geotags in social network sites during the tour? International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2015-0022
Chung, N., Tyan, I., & Han, H. (2017). Enhancing the smart tourism experience through geotag. Information Systems Frontiers, 19(4), 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-016-9710-6
Crandall, D., Backstrom, L., Huttenlocher, D., & Kleinberg, J. (2009). Mapping the World ’ s Photos. 761–770.
Doolin, B., Burgess, L., & Cooper, J. (2002). Evaluating the use of the Web for tourism marketing: A case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management, 23(5), 557–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00014-6
Erz, A., Marder, B., & Osadchaya, E. (2018). Hashtags: Motivational drivers, their use, and differences between influencers and followers. Computers in Human Behavior, 89(July), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.030
Fatanti, M. N., & Suyadnya, I. W. (2015). Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Creates Tourism Destination Brand? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211(September), 1089–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.145
Fotis, J. N. (2015). The use of social media and its impacts on consumer behaviour : the context of holiday travel. In the Use of Socialmedia and Its Impacts on Consumer Behaviour: the Context of Holiday Travel.
Gretzel, U., & Yoo, K. H. (2008). Use and Impact of Online Travel Reviews. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008 (pp. 35–46). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-77280-5_4
Groves, D. L., & Timothy, D. J. (2001). Photographic techniques and the measurement of impact and importance attributes on trip design: A case study. Loisir et Societe, 24(1), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.7202/000172ar
Jeng, J., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2002). Conceptualizing the travel decision-making hierarchy: A review of recent developments. Tourism Analysis, 7(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354202108749925
Kádár, B., & Gede, M. (2013). Where do tourists go? Visualizing and analysing the spatial distribution of geotagged photography. Cartographica, 48(2), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.3138/carto.48.2.1839
Knapp, L., & Baum, N. (2015). Hashtags and How to Use Them on Social Media. The Journal of Medical Practice Management : MPM, 31(2), 131–133.
Krisna, D. F., Handayani, P. W., & Azzahro, F. (2019). The antecedents of hashtag and geotag use in smart tourism: case study in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(12), 1141–1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1665559
Law, R., Buhalis, D., & Cobanoglu, C. (2014). Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 727–750. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2013-0367
Lufityant, G. (2019). Riset CupoNation : Pengguna Facebook dan Instagram di Indonesia Terbesar ke-4 di Dunia! In Tribun News. https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2019/06/26/riset-cuponation-pengguna-facebook-dan-instagram-di-indonesia-terbesar-ke-4-di-dunia
Lund, N. F., Cohen, S. A., & Scarles, C. (2018). The power of social media storytelling in destination branding. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8(May 2017), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.003
Luo, Q., & Zhong, D. (2015). Using social network analysis to explain communication characteristics of travel-related electronic word-of-mouth on social networking sites. Tourism Management, 46, 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.07.007
Mack, R. W., Blose, J. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Believe it or not: Credibility of blogs in tourism. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707087521
MacKay, K. J., & Couldwell, C. M. (2004). Using visitor-employed photography to investigate destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504263035
Montero Lorenzo, J., Fernández-Avilés Calderón, G., & García Centeno, M. (2010). Revisiting the expectancy/disconfirmation paradigm for small questionnaires: the cultural/heritage tourism case. Rect@, i, 155–178.
Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2013). Trust and Involvement in Tourism Social Media and Web-Based Travel Information Sources. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2013.764511
Narangajavana, Y., José, L., Fiol, C., Ángel, M., Tena, M., María, R., Artola, R., & García, J. S. (2017). Annals of Tourism Research The influence of social media in creating expectations . An empirical study for a tourist destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 65, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.002
Nezakati, H., Amidi, A., Jusoh, Y. Y., Moghadas, S., Aziz, Y. A., & Sohrabinezhadtalemi, R. (2015). Review of Social Media Potential on Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration in Tourism Industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.344
Paül i Agustí, D. (2018). Characterizing the location of tourist images in cities. Differences in user-generated images (Instagram), official tourist brochures and travel guides. Annals of Tourism Research, 73(August), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.09.001
Rattenbury, T., Good, N., & Naaman, M. (2007). Towards automatic extraction of event and place semantics from flickr tags. Proceedings of the 30th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR’07, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1145/1277741.1277762
Sedera, D., Lokuge, S., Atapattu, M., & Gretzel, U. (2017). Information & Management Likes — The key to my happiness : The moderating e ff ect of social in fl uence on travel experience. 54(April), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.04.003
Sigala, M. (2012). Development : Findings and Implications from the Greek Tourism Industry. 566(August), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Stasiak, A. (2013). – CONTEMPORARY TOURISM.
Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F. (2013). Visual destination images of Peru : Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography q. JTMA, 36, 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.006
Tung, V. W. S., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
Vogt, C. A., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1998). Expanding the functional information search model. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3), 551–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00010-3
We Are Social. (2019). Trends shaping social in 2019. We Are Social. https://wearesocial.com/uk/thinkforward-2019
Wilson, A., Murphy, H., & Fierro, J. C. (2012). Hospitality and Travel: The Nature and Implications of User-Generated Content. In Cornell Hospitality Quarterly (Vol. 53, Issue 3, pp. 220–228). https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512449317
Xiang, Z., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.016
Yoo, K. H., & Gretzel, U. (2010). Antecedents and impacts of trust in travel-related consumer-generated media. 12.
Yoo, K. H., & Gretzel, U. (2011). Antecedents and Impacts of Trust in Travel-Related Consumer-Generated Media. Information Technology & Tourism, 12(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830510x12887971002701
Zeng, B., & Gerritsen, R. (2014). What do we know about social media in tourism? A review. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 10, pp. 27–36). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001
Zheng, V. W., Zheng, Y., Xie, X., & Yang, Q. (2010). Collaborative location and activity recommendations with GPS history data. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW ’10, 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1145/1772690.1772795
