Dominasi Kelas Penguasa Terhadap Subaltern dalam Novel Gadis Pantai Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Abstract

This paper uses the novel Gadis Pantai by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as the material object and hegemony theory developed by Antonio Gramsci as the formal object. In his theory, Gramsci suggests the existence of a ruling class, intellectuals, and subalterns. The analysis in this paper aims to identify and describe the dominance of the ruling class over the subaltern contained in the novel Gadis Pantai. Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory in this case is used to analyze the forms of domination or hegemonic practices carried out by the ruling class against the subaltern contained in the novel. The results of the analysis show that there is a practice of hegemony in the novel Gadis Pantai by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.  Domination or hegemonic practices that take place dominantly occur through common sense. The common sense takes place through several aspects such as through a number of rules, traditions, and beliefs concerning religion. The dominance of the ruling class over the subaltern in this novel is strong because the subaltern is trapped in common sense and there is no counterhegemony as an effort from organic intellectuals to stop the domination or hegemony that takes place.