Refleksi Hierarki Sosial Jepang dalam Anime: Kajian Penggunaan Keigo Berdasarkan Teori SPEAKING Dell Hymes

Abstract

In a speech event, the speaker can use various language registers. One of them is the honorific language register, which in Japanese is referred to as 敬語 keigo. This study aims to analyze the use of keigo in anime using a sociolinguistic approach based on Dell Hymes' SPEAKING theory. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a literature study technique, while the analytical method uses the distributional method. Data collection was carried out using the observation and note-taking technique. The research data were obtained from dialogues in the anime Watashi no Shiawase na Kekkon and analyzed based on the eight components of the SPEAKING theory. The results of the study show that the use of 敬語 keigo in anime is heavily influenced by hierarchical relationships between participants, such as superiors and subordinates or the social status held by each character. The eight aspects of the SPEAKING theory proved to be highly relevant in explaining the use of keigo, as the use of language in Japanese society reflects social dynamics and cultural norms that align with sociolinguistic concepts.