Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Praktek Mengenai Kebersihan Menstruasi Pada Perempuan di Negara Berkembang : Scoping Review
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Abstract
Abstrak : Kebersihan menstruasi adalah masalah kritis yang dihadapi oleh remaja perempuan dan perempuan usia subur. Kurangnya pengetahuan yang memadai, sikap negatif dan praktik kebersihan menstruasi buruk bisa berdampak luas terhadap kesehatan reproduksi, pendidikan, martabat dan pemberdayaan mereka. Prevalensi angka kejadian infeksi saluran reproduksi berbagai negara di dunia, terutama negara berkembang, seperti Asia dan Afrika masih cukup tinggi. Dari temuan-temuan yang sudah ada, sebagian besar terjadi di Negara berkembang, terdapat kesenjangan mengenai kebersihan menstruasi, diantaranya pengetahuan yang kurang, sikap negative dan praktik yang buruk dalam menjaga kebersihan menstruasi, sehingga mempengaruhi proses pendidikan dan kesehatan. Tujuan : mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik kebersihan menstruasi di negara berkembang. Metode : Dari hasil pencarian pada 3 database (PubMed, ScienceDirect dan Wiley) dan telah melakukan tinjauan pustaka yang komprehensif didapatkan 26 artikel. Pemilihan artikel menyesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi eksklusi yang sudah ditentukan peneliti. Fokus tema artikel pada pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik kebersihan saat menstruasi. Enam belas penelitian merupakan metode kuantitatif dan empat penelitian merupakan mix method, dan 6 metode kualitatif. Hasil : Dari 26 penelitian yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini, tema artikel yang terbanyak tentang pengetahuan mengenai menstruasi dan kebersihan menstruasi adalah pengetahuan yang baik yaitu 11 artikel, sedangkan tema pengetahuan yang buruk 7 artikel. Tema tentang sikap yang positif mengenai kebersihan menstruasi yaitu 7 artikel, sedangkan tema sikap yang negative ada 7 artikel. Sebagian besar artikel memiliki tema praktik yang buruk mengenai kebersihan menstruasi yaitu 14 artikel, dan yang meiliki tema praktik yang buruk sebanyak 7 artikel. Kesimpulan : Perempuan di Negara berkembang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik mengenai menstruasi dan kebersihan menstruasi, namun masih memiliki sikap negatif, dan praktik yang buruk mengenai kebersihan menstruasi.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan; Sikap; Praktik; Kebersihan Menstruasi
Abstract: Menstrual hygiene is a critical problem faced by adolescent girls and women of childbearing age. Lack of adequate knowledge, negative attitudes and poor menstrual hygiene practices can have far-reaching impacts on their reproductive health, education, dignity and empowerment. The prevalence of reproductive tract infections in various countries in the world, especially developing countries, such as Asia and Africa, is still quite high. From existing findings, most of which occur in developing countries, there are gaps regarding menstrual hygiene, including lack of knowledge, negative attitudes and poor practices in maintaining menstrual hygiene, thus affecting the education and health process. Objective: to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of menstrual hygiene in developing countries. Method: From the results of searches in 3 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Wiley) and conducting a comprehensive literature review, 26 articles were obtained. The selection of articles is in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria determined by the researcher. The focus of the article's theme is on knowledge, attitudes and hygiene practices during menstruation. Sixteen studies were quantitative methods and four studies were mixed methods, and 6 were qualitative methods. Results: Of the 26 studies involved in this research, the theme of the most articles regarding knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene was good knowledge, namely 11 articles, while the theme of poor knowledge was 7 articles. There are 7 articles on the theme of positive attitudes regarding menstrual hygiene, while there are 7 articles on the theme of negative attitudes. Most of the articles had a theme of bad practices regarding menstrual hygiene, namely 14 articles, and those with a theme of bad practices were 7 articles. Conclusion: Women in developing countries have a good level of knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene, but still have negative attitudes and poor practices regarding menstrual hygiene.
Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Menstrual Hygiene
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