Di Balik Fanatisme Suporter Indonesia: Mobilisasi Dukungan Politik Melalui Tagar #SepakbolaKanjuruan vs #DukungPSSI 2022
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Keywords:
Digital Fandom, Analisis jaringan sosial (SNA), Gerakan Opini Digital (DMO), Sosial Media
Abstract
Tragedi Sepakbola Kanjuruan di Malang pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2022 menjadi perhatian dan perbincangan di media sosial Twitter yang memunculkan berbagai tagar diantaranya tagar #SepakbolaKanjuruan dan tagar #DukungPSSI. Melalui kedua tagar yang berbeda ini peneliti akan mengidentifikasi struktur jaringan, kelompok dan peran aktor dalam kedua tagar tersebut. Penelitian ini mengacu pada Theory of Digital Movement of Opinion (DMO) dan Digital Fandom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah tagar yang berbeda, yaitu tagar #SepakbolaKanjuruan dan tagar #DukungPSSI, dapat menghasilkan mobilisasi yang berbeda pada media sosial. Metode yang digunakan dengan pengumpulan data melalui media sosial twitter. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui perbincangan di media twitter dengan tagar #sepakbolaKanjuruan dari tanggal 2 Oktober 2022 hingga 4 oktober 2022 menghasilkan 2500 tweet sedangkan perbincangan tagar #DukungPSSI dikumpulkan dari tanggal 14 November hingga 22 November 2022 menghasilkan 86 tweet. Data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan Analisa Jaringan Sosial (SNA) diproses menggunakan perangkat lunak Netlytic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan dalam struktur jaringan, kelompok dan peran aktor . Pada tagar #SepakbolaKanjuruan struktur jaringannya lebih bersifat Homogen , kelompok lebih terorganisir dan peran aktornya lebih dua arah sehingga memunculkan interaksi parasosial atau digital fandom sedangkan untuk tagar #DukungPSSI yang digunakan oleh tweet politik pendukung kandidat Ketua PSSI memunculkan struktur yang lebih heterogen, kurang aktif , cenderung tidak terorganisir dan peran aktornya satu arah. Identifikasi yang dihasilkan tagar #Sepakbola Kanjuruan terlihat lebih dapat memobilisasi khalayak publik dalam suatu opini daripada tagar #DukungPSSI.
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An, J., & Kwak, H. (2020). Network analysis of social media: A review. Journal of Computational Science, 44, 101176.
Andika, R. (2021). Dynamics of Pro-Ma’ruf Amin Hashtag on Indonesian Twitter. Jurnal The Messenger, 13(1), 1-9.
Asmawarini, R. T., Murwani, E., & Murtiningsih, B. S. E. (2022). Mapping The Digital Movement in The Hashtags #2024AniesPresiden, #GanjarPresiden and #PrabowoPresiden. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 7(2), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v7i2.727
Barisione, M., & Ceron, A. (2017). Social Media and European Politics. Social Media and European Politics, 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59890-5
Barisione, M., Michailidou, A., & Airoldi, M. (2019). Understanding a digital movement of opinion: the case of #RefugeesWelcome. Information Communication and Society, 22(8), 1145–1164. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1410204
Booth, P. (2015). Playing Fans: negotiating fandom and media in the digital age. University of Iowa Press.
Booth, P. (2016). Digital Fandom 2.0: New Media Studies (2nd ed.). Peter Lang Publishing.
Cahyono, M. R. (2021). Fungsi komunikasi dan motivasi pengguna tanda tagar (#) di media sosial Indonesia. Islamic Communication Journal, 6(2), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.21580/icj.2021.6.2.7998
Chen, S., Zhao, S., & Qiao, Y. (2022). The effect of hashtags on online brand communities: Evidence from China’s wine market. Journal of Business Research, 135, 757-767.
Clavio, G., Burch, L. M., & Frederick, E. L. (2016). Networked Fandom: Applying Systems Theory to Sport Twitter Analysis. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5(4), 522–538. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.5.4.522
Deller, R., & Booth, P. (2020). Social media and fan cultures. Routledge.
Dibble, J. L., Hartmann, T., & Rosaen, S. F. (2016). Parasocial Interaction and Parasocial Relationship: Conceptual Clarification and a Critical Assessment of Measures. Human Communication Research, 42(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12063
Eriyanto, E. (2020). Hashtags and Digital Movement of Opinion Mobilization: A Social Network Analysis/SNA Study on #BubarkanKPAI vs #KamiBersamaKPAI Hashtags. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v8i3.11591
Fournier, C. (2020). Social media research: A guide to ethics. Big Data & Society, 7(1), 2053951720918742.
Gintova, M. (2019). Understanding government social media users: an analysis of interactions on Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Twitter and Facebook. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.005
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Hapsari, R. P. (2021). Network analysis of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Indonesia. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101528.
Hicks, D., Cavanagh, M. F., & VanScoy, A. (2020). Social network analysis: A methodological approach for understanding public libraries and their communities. Library and Information Science Research, 42(3), 101029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2020.101029
Jaidka, K., Krishnan, A., & Mehta, S. (2018). A network perspective of the #MeToo movement. Social Media + Society, 4(3), 2056305118797577.
Knoke, D., & Yang, S. (2019). Social network analysis. Sage Publications.
Mayasari, F. (2022). Etnografi Virtual Fenomena Cancel Culture dan Partisipasi Pengguna Media terhadap Tokoh Publik di Media Sosial. Journal of Communication and Society, 27–44.
Priambodo, A. I., & Arianto, I. D. (2022). Analisis Jaringan Komunikasi pada Tagar #KPKEndGame di Media Sosial Twitter. Warta ISKI, 5(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.25008/wartaiski.v5i1.156
Priego, E., & Fiormonte, D. (2018). Graphic Social Networks: Visualizing Historical Twitter Data. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 33(4), 759-767.
Putraji, Z. I. (2022). Aktivisme Twitter : crowdsourcing melalui tagar. 6(4), 303–319.
Tony, V. (2022). Suporter Sepak Bola dan Hooliganisme. 10 Oktober 2022. https://kakibukit.republika.co.id/posts/182290/suporter-sepak-bola-dan-hooliganisme
Velasquez, A., & LaRose. (2015). Youth Collective Activism Through Social Media. The Role of Collective Efficacy. New Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813518391%0D
Wang, Y., & Tseng, Y. (2019). Exploring the characteristics of online rumor diffusion using Sina Weibo and Twitter. Online Information Review, 43(4), 607-626.
Yang, G. (2016). Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), Pp. 13-17.
Yevina, A., Wahyu, M., Berto, A. R., Murwani, E., Gethuk, S., Dlepih, K., & Berbagai, G. (2022). Analisis Sentimen Jaringan Pesan Kolom Komentar Video Wonderful Indonesia 2022 Jagad Jawi yang Dipengaruhi Budaya Kepala Biro Komunikasi Kemenparekraf / Baparekraf Agustini Rahayu menuturkan bahwa sekitar 73 , 7 persen masyarakat Indonesia , menggunakan i. 10(02), 201–216.
Zhang, X., Wu, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). Social media data analytics for public health: A systematic review. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 124, 103807.
Published
2023-06-27
How to Cite
Purwaningtyas, R. Y., Berto, A. R., & Murwani, E. (2023). Di Balik Fanatisme Suporter Indonesia: Mobilisasi Dukungan Politik Melalui Tagar #SepakbolaKanjuruan vs #DukungPSSI 2022. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 7(3), 455 - 473. https://doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v7i3.6160
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