Analisis Faktor Eksternal dan Internal Pada Perbankan Digital di Bursa Efek Indonesia: Studi Kasus Allo Bank
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Keywords:
Digital Bank, PESTEL Analysis, Porter's Five Force, Bank Health, Risk Based Bank Rating
Abstract
The banking industry is one of the fastest growing and most interesting industries in Indonesia. The banking industry contributes significantly to the Indonesian economy. The development of the banking industry cannot be separated from the influence of technology and massive technological adaptation in Indonesia. The banking industry has begun to create new business models and forms, namely digital banks. Digital banks in Indonesia have attracted a lot of attention because of the new technology they bring and the performance of digital bank shares which have increased significantly in 2021. The increase in the price of digital bank shares did not continue into the following year and continued to decline. One of the digital banks that experienced a significant decline in share prices was Allo Bank. Allo Bank experienced a significant decline in shares even though Allo Bank's performance increased significantly. This study will conduct an external analysis study using the PESTEL and Porter's five forces methods to see the macro and industrial conditions of banking in Indonesia and conduct an internal analysis using a risk-based bank rating to see the performance and health of the bank. External analysis shows that the macro and banking industry show positive opportunities for Allo Bank to develop and internal analysis shows that Allo Bank has very good performance among other digital banks.
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de Sousa, G. C., & Castañeda-Ayarza, J. A. (2022). PESTEL analysis and the macro-environmental factors that influence the development of the electric and hybrid vehicles industry in Brazil. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 10(1), 686–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.01.030
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Kriþanova, A., Gajanova, L., Masarova, G., & Rypáková, M. (2014). Key Success Factors Of Company’s Intelligence Program. https://doi.org/10.3846/bm.2014.012
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Licht, A. N. (2013). Corporate Governance. In Radzyner School of Law. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397873-8.00037-2
Maramis, P. A. (2019). ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK DENGAN METODE RGEC ( RISK PROFILE , GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE , EARNING , CAPITAL ) PADA PT . BANK MANDIRI ( PERSERO ) PERIODE 2015 - 2018 Pingkan Aprilia Maramis Magister Manajemen Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung P. Jurnal Pembanguan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Daerah, 20(4), 40–69.
Martiningtiyas, C. R., & Nitinegeri, D. T. (2020). The Effect of Non-Performing Loans on Profitability in Banking Sector in Indonesia. 151(Icmae), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200915.016
Morgunova, E. P., & Bolkina, G. I. (2021). Influence of External Environment Analysis on the Competitiveness of Business Operations of an Industrial Enterprise (Evidence from Mining and Metallurgical Industry). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 666(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/666/6/062037
Nguyen, P. T. (2022). The Impact of Banking Sector Development on Economic Growth: The Case of Vietnam’s Transitional Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15080358
Octaviano, A. (2024). Sepanjang Lima Tahun Terakhir, BRI Setor Dividen dan Pajak Rp 149,2 Triliun ke Negara. Kontan.Co.Id. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/sepanjang-lima-tahun-terakhir-bri-setor-dividen-dan-pajak-rp-1492-triliun-ke-negara
Pandey, R., & Diaz, J. F. (2019). FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN ON ASSETS OF US TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS. 21(2), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.21.2.134
Paurova, V., & Gregova, E. (2020). Importance and Process of Marketing Environment Analysis as Strategic Analysis Tool of Business. 159(Febm), 720–723. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.125
Peng, M. W., Li Sun, S., Pinkham, B., & Chen, H. (2009). Academy of Management The Institution-Based View as a Third Leg for a Strategy Tripod Author(s). Source: Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 63–81.
Peng, M. W., & Wang, D. Y. L. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy : a focus on emerging economies. 920–936. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400377
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Porter, M. E. (1997). COMPETITIVE STRATEGY. Measuring Business Excellence, 1(2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb025476
Puspitasari, D. D., & Dinuka, V. K. (2023). Analysis of Bank Health Level Assessment Using the RGEC Method Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic. 11(11), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v11i2.59677
Rehman, Z. U., Muhammad, N., Sarwar, B., & Raz, M. A. (2019). Impact of risk management strategies on the credit risk faced by commercial banks of Balochistan.
Samad, A. (2015). Determinants Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh Commercial Banks. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n3p173
Saputro, A. N., & Syafruddin, M. (2012). Pengaruh struktur kepemilikan dan mekanisme. 1–13.
Saukkonen, N., & Kirjavainen, J. (2020). Business Environment: Emerging External and Internal Pressures for Sustainable Production. 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_1
Shahriar, A., Mehzabin, S., Ahmed, Z., Döngül, E. S., & Azad, M. A. K. (2023). Bank stability, performance and efficiency: an experience from West Asian countries. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, 2(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/irjms-02-2022-0017
Siddique, A., Khan, M. A., & Khan, Z. (2021). The effect of credit risk management and bank-specific factors on the financial performance of the South Asian commercial banks. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-08-2020-0071
Spuch, E., Valašková, K., & Adamko, P. (2015). The Credit Risk and its Measurement , Hedging and Monitoring. 24(July), 675–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00671-1
Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R., & Srdjevic, B. (2012). Identifying the Criteria Set for Multicriteria Decision Making Based on SWOT/PESTLE Analysis: A Case Study of Reconstructing A Water Intake Structure. Water Resources Management, 26(12), 3379–3393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0077-2
Susanti, S. H., & Sukarno, S. (2021). FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STOCK VALUATION OF BANK CENTRAL ASIA. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 5(08), 258–266. https://www.ijebmr.com/link/820
Syaiedah, H., Tingkat, A., Bank, K., Menggunakan, D., Bank, B., Pada, R., Milik, P., Dibawah, P., & Ilmi, H. Z. (2017). RISK-BASED BANK RATING PADA PERBANKAN MILIK PEMERINTAH.
Tongurai, J., & Vithessonthi, C. (2020). Bank regulations, bank competition and bank risk-taking: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 56, 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2020.100638
Wang, H. (2022). Does charitable giving reduce firms’ willingness to invest in green innovation? PLoS ONE, 17(12 December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278890
Wright, P., & Ferris, S. P. (1997). Research Notes and Communications Agency Conflict and Corporate Strategy: the Effect of Divestment on Corporate Value. Strategic Management Journal, 18(August 1995), 77–83.
Yunna, W., & Yisheng, Y. (2014). The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porter’s five forces and scenario model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 798–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.015
Zubaidah, A. nur, & Hartono, T. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Kewajiban Penyediaan Modal Minimum (KPMN) Non Perfoming Financing (NPF), Financing To Deposito (FDR) Dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap Return On Assets (ROA) pada Bank Umum Syari’ah di Indonesia Period. Journal of Sains Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 9(1), 16–30.
Adi, A. (2023). PDB Indonesia 2022 Tembus Rp19 Kuadriliun, Ini Sektor Penyumbangnya. Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/02/06/pdb-indonesia-2022-tembus-rp19-kuadriliun-ini-sektor-penyumbangnya
Aissa, S. Ben, & Goaied, M. (2016). Determinants of Tunisian hotel pro fi tability : The role of managerial ef fi ciency. 52, 478–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.015
Alarussi, A. S., & Alhaderi, S. M. (2018). Factors affecting profitability in Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2017-0124
Alnabulsi, K., Kozarević, E., & Hakimi, A. (2023). Non-Performing Loans as a Driver of Banking Distress: A Systematic Literature Review. Commodities, 2(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities2020007
Ang, J. S., Cole, R., & Lin, J. W. (2000). The Use of Foreign Exchange Derivatives and Firm Market Value. Corporate Governance and Corporate Finance: A European Perspective, 55(1), 111–131.
Annur, C. M. (2024). 10 Sektor Usaha dengan Kontribusi Terbesar terhadap PDB Indonesia (2023). Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/02/06/inilah-10-sektor-utama-penopang-ekonomi-indonesia-pada-2023-industri-pengolahan-terbesar
Arini, I. Z. (2023). ANALYSIS OF BANK HEALTH LEVELS AND THE USE OF BRANCHLESS BANKING USING THE RGEC METHOD. 6(1), 33–54.
Ariyani, F. N. (2020). Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dengan Menggunakan Metode RGEC pada Bank BUKU 4 Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 9(2), 1–22. https://jimfeb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimfeb/article/view/7433
Berger, A. N., & DeYoung, R. (1997). Problem Loans and Cost Efficiency in Commercial Banks. Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 1997(08), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.17016/feds.1997.08
Carindri, F., & Untara. (2019). the Effect of Risk, Profitability, and Liquidity on Capital Adequacy. Journal of Business Economics, 24(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.35760/eb.2019.v24i1.1854
Chen, J. J. (2004). DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF CHINESE-LISTED COMPANIES. Journal of Business Research, 57, 1341–1351.
Chimkono, E. E., Muturi, W., & Njeru, A. (2016). Effect On Non-Performing Loans And Other Factors On Performance Of Commercial Banks In Malawi. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, IV(2), 549–563.
Dagna, A. I., & Syofy, E. (2020). Analisis kinerja bank umum dengan menggunakan metode rating bank berbasis resiko. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA), 2(2), 2603–2612.
de Sousa, G. C., & Castañeda-Ayarza, J. A. (2022). PESTEL analysis and the macro-environmental factors that influence the development of the electric and hybrid vehicles industry in Brazil. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 10(1), 686–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.01.030
Duncan, R. B. (1972). Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(3), 313. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392145
Fama, E. F. (1978). American Economic Association The Effects of a Firm’s Investment and Financing Decisions on the Welfare of Its Security 05:53:43 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions. Source: The American Economic Review, 68(3), 272–284.
Febrianti, A. Y. (2020). Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dengan Menggunakan Metode RGEC pada Bank Umum Bumn yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Masa. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya.
Filatov, E. (2022). ScienceDirect ScienceDirect Analysis of profitability of production of enterprises in the field of Analysis of profitability of production of enterprises in the field of transportation and storage of the Irkutsk region transportation and storage of the Ir. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 518–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.06.043
Iqbal, S., & Nosheen, S. (2023). Moderating impact of non-performing loans on the relationship between sustainable development goals and the financial performance of banks. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00224-1
Khanna, M. (2020). Growing Green Business Investments in Asia and the Pacific: Trends and Opportunities. 72. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/664446/sdwp-072-green-business-investments-asia-pacific.pdf
Kriþanova, A., Gajanova, L., Masarova, G., & Rypáková, M. (2014). Key Success Factors Of Company’s Intelligence Program. https://doi.org/10.3846/bm.2014.012
Laryea, E., Ntow-Gyamfi, M., & Alu, A. A. (2016). Nonperforming loans and bank profitability: evidence from an emerging market. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 7(4), 462–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-07-2015-0088
Licht, A. N. (2013). Corporate Governance. In Radzyner School of Law. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397873-8.00037-2
Maramis, P. A. (2019). ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK DENGAN METODE RGEC ( RISK PROFILE , GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE , EARNING , CAPITAL ) PADA PT . BANK MANDIRI ( PERSERO ) PERIODE 2015 - 2018 Pingkan Aprilia Maramis Magister Manajemen Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung P. Jurnal Pembanguan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Daerah, 20(4), 40–69.
Martiningtiyas, C. R., & Nitinegeri, D. T. (2020). The Effect of Non-Performing Loans on Profitability in Banking Sector in Indonesia. 151(Icmae), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200915.016
Morgunova, E. P., & Bolkina, G. I. (2021). Influence of External Environment Analysis on the Competitiveness of Business Operations of an Industrial Enterprise (Evidence from Mining and Metallurgical Industry). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 666(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/666/6/062037
Nguyen, P. T. (2022). The Impact of Banking Sector Development on Economic Growth: The Case of Vietnam’s Transitional Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15080358
Octaviano, A. (2024). Sepanjang Lima Tahun Terakhir, BRI Setor Dividen dan Pajak Rp 149,2 Triliun ke Negara. Kontan.Co.Id. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/sepanjang-lima-tahun-terakhir-bri-setor-dividen-dan-pajak-rp-1492-triliun-ke-negara
Pandey, R., & Diaz, J. F. (2019). FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN ON ASSETS OF US TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS. 21(2), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.21.2.134
Paurova, V., & Gregova, E. (2020). Importance and Process of Marketing Environment Analysis as Strategic Analysis Tool of Business. 159(Febm), 720–723. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.125
Peng, M. W., Li Sun, S., Pinkham, B., & Chen, H. (2009). Academy of Management The Institution-Based View as a Third Leg for a Strategy Tripod Author(s). Source: Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 63–81.
Peng, M. W., & Wang, D. Y. L. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy : a focus on emerging economies. 920–936. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400377
Porter, M. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86, 78-93,137.
Porter, M. E. (1997). COMPETITIVE STRATEGY. Measuring Business Excellence, 1(2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb025476
Puspitasari, D. D., & Dinuka, V. K. (2023). Analysis of Bank Health Level Assessment Using the RGEC Method Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic. 11(11), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v11i2.59677
Rehman, Z. U., Muhammad, N., Sarwar, B., & Raz, M. A. (2019). Impact of risk management strategies on the credit risk faced by commercial banks of Balochistan.
Samad, A. (2015). Determinants Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh Commercial Banks. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n3p173
Saputro, A. N., & Syafruddin, M. (2012). Pengaruh struktur kepemilikan dan mekanisme. 1–13.
Saukkonen, N., & Kirjavainen, J. (2020). Business Environment: Emerging External and Internal Pressures for Sustainable Production. 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_1
Shahriar, A., Mehzabin, S., Ahmed, Z., Döngül, E. S., & Azad, M. A. K. (2023). Bank stability, performance and efficiency: an experience from West Asian countries. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, 2(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/irjms-02-2022-0017
Siddique, A., Khan, M. A., & Khan, Z. (2021). The effect of credit risk management and bank-specific factors on the financial performance of the South Asian commercial banks. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-08-2020-0071
Spuch, E., Valašková, K., & Adamko, P. (2015). The Credit Risk and its Measurement , Hedging and Monitoring. 24(July), 675–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00671-1
Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R., & Srdjevic, B. (2012). Identifying the Criteria Set for Multicriteria Decision Making Based on SWOT/PESTLE Analysis: A Case Study of Reconstructing A Water Intake Structure. Water Resources Management, 26(12), 3379–3393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0077-2
Susanti, S. H., & Sukarno, S. (2021). FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STOCK VALUATION OF BANK CENTRAL ASIA. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 5(08), 258–266. https://www.ijebmr.com/link/820
Syaiedah, H., Tingkat, A., Bank, K., Menggunakan, D., Bank, B., Pada, R., Milik, P., Dibawah, P., & Ilmi, H. Z. (2017). RISK-BASED BANK RATING PADA PERBANKAN MILIK PEMERINTAH.
Tongurai, J., & Vithessonthi, C. (2020). Bank regulations, bank competition and bank risk-taking: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 56, 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2020.100638
Wang, H. (2022). Does charitable giving reduce firms’ willingness to invest in green innovation? PLoS ONE, 17(12 December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278890
Wright, P., & Ferris, S. P. (1997). Research Notes and Communications Agency Conflict and Corporate Strategy: the Effect of Divestment on Corporate Value. Strategic Management Journal, 18(August 1995), 77–83.
Yunna, W., & Yisheng, Y. (2014). The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porter’s five forces and scenario model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 798–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.015
Zubaidah, A. nur, & Hartono, T. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Kewajiban Penyediaan Modal Minimum (KPMN) Non Perfoming Financing (NPF), Financing To Deposito (FDR) Dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap Return On Assets (ROA) pada Bank Umum Syari’ah di Indonesia Period. Journal of Sains Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 9(1), 16–30.
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