DETERMINAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI D.I. YOGYAKARTA
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, pengangguran terbuka, pertumbuhan, upah minimum, modal manusia
Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan pengangguran terbuka di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2010-2018. Data tersebut mencakup tingkat pengangguran terbuka, pertumbuhan ekonomi, upah minimum kabupaten/kota, dan modal manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi panel berdasarkan Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) dan Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi berdampak negatif, sedangkan upah minimum kabupaten/kota berdampak positif terhadap pengangguran terbuka. Peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi mendorong penurunan pengangguran terbuka, sedangkan kenaikan upah minimum kabupaten diikuti oleh kenaikan tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Sementara itu, modal manusia tidak berpengaruh pada tingkat pengangguran terbuka akibat rendahnya rata-rata lama sekolah. Untuk itu, pemerintah perlu meningkatkan sumber daya manusia melalui wajib belajar 12 tahun.
References
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Ansar, S., & Mario. (2017). Dampak Sosial Pengangguran Terdidik di Desa Kading Kecamatan Tanete Riaja Kabupaten Barru. Predestinasi, 10(2), 134–143.
Arize, A. C., Malindretos, J., & Ghosh, D. (2015). Purchasing Power Parity-Symmetry and Proportionality: Evidence from 116 countries. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37(C), 69–85.
Asghar, N., Danish, M. H., & Rehman, H. ur. (2017). Human Capital and Labour Productivity A Case Study of District Lahore. JPUHS, 30(1), 163–179.
Biçerli, M. K., & Kocaman, M. (2019). The Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployment, Prices, and Growth: A Multivariate Analysis for Turkey. Economic Annals, 64(221), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1921065K
Blaga, P., & Jozsef, B. (2014). Human Resources, Quality Circles and Innovation. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 1458–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00611-x
Blien, U., & Ludewig, O. (2017). Technological Progress and (Un)employment Development. IZA Discussion Paper, 10472.
Çalışkan, H. K. (2015). Technological Change and Economic Growth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 649–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.174
Campa, R. (2014). Technological Growth and Unemployment: A Global Scenario Analysis. Journal of Evolution & Technology, 24(1), 86–103.
Chand, K., Tiwari, R., & Phuyal, M. (2018). Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate: An Empirical Study of Indian Economy. PRAGATI : Journal of Indian Economy, 4(02). https://doi.org/10.17492/pragati.v4i02.11468
Chowdhury, M. S. R., & Hossain, M. T. (2014). Determinants of Unemployment in Bangladesh: A Case Study. Developing Country Studies, 4(3), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2402908
Ciriaci, D., Moncada-Paternò-Castello, P., & Voigt, P. (2016). Innovation and Job Creation: A Sustainable Relation? Eurasian Business Review, 6(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0031-3
Corolina, N. N., & Panjawa, J. L. (2020). Determinan Tingkat Pengangguran: Studi Kasus Wilayah Pengembangan Purwomanggung, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 9(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.23960/jep.v9i1.77
Cristescu, A. (2017). The Impact of Education on The Unemployment Rate in The Southern European Model. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 11(1), 62–75.
Del Carpio, X. V., & Pabon, L. M. (2017). Implications of Minimum Wage Increases on Labor Market Dynamics Lessons for Emerging Economies. In poli (Issue 8030). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8030
Dixon, R., Lim, G. C., & van Ours, J. C. (2017). Revisiting the Okun relationship. Applied Economics, 49(28), 2749–2765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1245846
Gerguri, S. ;, & Ramadani, V. (2010). The Impact of Innovation into the Economic Growth (MPRA Paper No. 22270).
Gil-garcía, J. R., & Puron-cid, G. (2014). Using Panel Data Techniques for Social Science Research: an Illustrative Case and Some Guidelines. CIENCIA Ergo-Sum, 21(3), 203–216.
Hassler, U., & Hosseinkouchack, M. (2016). Panel Cointegration Testing in the Presence of Linear Time Trends. Econometrics, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics4040045
Hendarmin, H., & Kartika, M. (2019). The Relationship Between Human Capital and the Regional Economy Productivity. Jejak, 12(1), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18396
Izzaty, & Sari, R. (2013). Kebijakan Penetapan Upah Minimum di Indonesia (The Minimum Wage Policy in Indonesia). Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 4(2), 131–132.
Kenny, V. (2019). Effects of Human Capital Investment on Unemployment Volatility in Nigeria (1981-2015) (Issue 93295). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93295/1/MPRA_paper_93295.pdf
Kolomiiets, U., & Petrushenko, Y. (2017). The Human Capital Theory. Encouragement and criticism. SocioEconomic Challenges, 1(1), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.2017.1-09
König, M. D., Battiston, S., Napoletano, M., & Schweitzer, F. (2011). Recombinant Knowledge and The Evolution of Innovation Networks. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 79(3), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.01.007
Korkmaz, S., & Korkmaz, O. (2017). The Relationship between Labor Productivity and Economic Growth in OECD Countries. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(5), 71. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n5p71
Kreishan. (2011). Economic Growth and Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 228–231. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2011.228.231
Krstić, B., & Petrović, B. (2012). The Role of Knowledge Management in Increasing Enterprise’s Innovativeness. Facta Universitatis, 9(1), 93–110.
Louail, B., & Riache, S. (2019). Asymmetry relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates in the Saudi economy: Application of Okun’s law during the period 1991–2017. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 6(10), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2019.10.013
Marcolin, L., Miroudot, S., & Squicciarini, M. (2016). Routine jobs, employment and technological innovation in global value chains. Working Paper, January, 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1787/5jm5dcz2d26j-en
Meer, J., & West, J. (2016). Effects of The Minimum Wage on Employment Dynamics. Journal of Human Resources, 51(2), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.51.2.0414-6298R1
Melliana, A., & Zain, I. (2013). Statistical Analysis of Some Factor that Influence Human Development Index in Regency/city in East Java with Panel Regression. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni Pomits, 2(2), 237–242.
Muminin, M. A., & Hidayat R, W. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2011-2015. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 1(3), 374–384.
Murugasu, B. D., Wei, A. J., & Hwa, T. B. (2013). The Marginal Propensity to Consume across Household Income Groups (Bank Negara Malaysia Working Paper Series WP2; Issue December). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19028.19844
Panjawa, J., & Soebagiyo, D. (2014). Efek Peningkatan Upah Minimum Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 15(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.15.1.1283
Pauw, J. B. de, Gericke, N., Olsson, D., & Berglund, T. (2015). The Effectiveness of Education for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 7(11), 15693–15717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115693
Pitartono, R., & Banatul, H. (2012). Analisis Tingkat Pengangguran di Jawa Tengah Tahun 1997-2010. Diponegoro Journal Of Economics, 1(1), 1–10.
Sadiku, M., Ibraimi, A., & Sadiku, L. (2015). Econometric Estimation of the Relationship between Unemployment Rate and Economic Growth of FYR of Macedonia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 19(August), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00009-x
Shah, H., & Khuhawar, K. H. (2019). Social Problems Due To Unemployment. Journal of Marketing and Information Systems, 1(2), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmis.v1i2.476
Siregar, T. H. (2020). Impacts of Minimum Wages on Employment and Unemployment in Indonesia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 25(1), 62–78.
Taty, S., Possumah, B. T., & Razak, R. I. (2017). Human Capital Competitiveness in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC): The Role of Regulation, Indonesia Experiences. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2017.267.273
Teixeira, P. N. (2011). A Reluctant Founding Father: Placing Jacob Mincer in the History of (Labor) Economics. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 18(5), 673–695.
Vivarelli, M. (2014). Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 123–154. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480106
Vukovic, A., Djokovic, G., & Roncevic, D. (2015). The Necessity of Solving the Youth Unemployment. Ekonomika, 61(1), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1501173v
Akwara, A. F., Akwara, N. F., Enwuchola, J., Adekunle, M., & Udaw, E, J. (2013). Unemployment and Poverty: Implications for National Security and Good Governance in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 2(1), 1–11.
Ansar, S., & Mario. (2017). Dampak Sosial Pengangguran Terdidik di Desa Kading Kecamatan Tanete Riaja Kabupaten Barru. Predestinasi, 10(2), 134–143.
Arize, A. C., Malindretos, J., & Ghosh, D. (2015). Purchasing Power Parity-Symmetry and Proportionality: Evidence from 116 countries. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37(C), 69–85.
Asghar, N., Danish, M. H., & Rehman, H. ur. (2017). Human Capital and Labour Productivity A Case Study of District Lahore. JPUHS, 30(1), 163–179.
Biçerli, M. K., & Kocaman, M. (2019). The Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployment, Prices, and Growth: A Multivariate Analysis for Turkey. Economic Annals, 64(221), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1921065K
Blaga, P., & Jozsef, B. (2014). Human Resources, Quality Circles and Innovation. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 1458–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00611-x
Blien, U., & Ludewig, O. (2017). Technological Progress and (Un)employment Development. IZA Discussion Paper, 10472.
Çalışkan, H. K. (2015). Technological Change and Economic Growth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 649–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.174
Campa, R. (2014). Technological Growth and Unemployment: A Global Scenario Analysis. Journal of Evolution & Technology, 24(1), 86–103.
Chand, K., Tiwari, R., & Phuyal, M. (2018). Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate: An Empirical Study of Indian Economy. PRAGATI : Journal of Indian Economy, 4(02). https://doi.org/10.17492/pragati.v4i02.11468
Chowdhury, M. S. R., & Hossain, M. T. (2014). Determinants of Unemployment in Bangladesh: A Case Study. Developing Country Studies, 4(3), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2402908
Ciriaci, D., Moncada-Paternò-Castello, P., & Voigt, P. (2016). Innovation and Job Creation: A Sustainable Relation? Eurasian Business Review, 6(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0031-3
Corolina, N. N., & Panjawa, J. L. (2020). Determinan Tingkat Pengangguran: Studi Kasus Wilayah Pengembangan Purwomanggung, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 9(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.23960/jep.v9i1.77
Cristescu, A. (2017). The Impact of Education on The Unemployment Rate in The Southern European Model. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 11(1), 62–75.
Del Carpio, X. V., & Pabon, L. M. (2017). Implications of Minimum Wage Increases on Labor Market Dynamics Lessons for Emerging Economies. In poli (Issue 8030). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8030
Dixon, R., Lim, G. C., & van Ours, J. C. (2017). Revisiting the Okun relationship. Applied Economics, 49(28), 2749–2765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1245846
Gerguri, S. ;, & Ramadani, V. (2010). The Impact of Innovation into the Economic Growth (MPRA Paper No. 22270).
Gil-garcía, J. R., & Puron-cid, G. (2014). Using Panel Data Techniques for Social Science Research: an Illustrative Case and Some Guidelines. CIENCIA Ergo-Sum, 21(3), 203–216.
Hassler, U., & Hosseinkouchack, M. (2016). Panel Cointegration Testing in the Presence of Linear Time Trends. Econometrics, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics4040045
Hendarmin, H., & Kartika, M. (2019). The Relationship Between Human Capital and the Regional Economy Productivity. Jejak, 12(1), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18396
Izzaty, & Sari, R. (2013). Kebijakan Penetapan Upah Minimum di Indonesia (The Minimum Wage Policy in Indonesia). Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 4(2), 131–132.
Kenny, V. (2019). Effects of Human Capital Investment on Unemployment Volatility in Nigeria (1981-2015) (Issue 93295). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93295/1/MPRA_paper_93295.pdf
Kolomiiets, U., & Petrushenko, Y. (2017). The Human Capital Theory. Encouragement and criticism. SocioEconomic Challenges, 1(1), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.2017.1-09
König, M. D., Battiston, S., Napoletano, M., & Schweitzer, F. (2011). Recombinant Knowledge and The Evolution of Innovation Networks. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 79(3), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.01.007
Korkmaz, S., & Korkmaz, O. (2017). The Relationship between Labor Productivity and Economic Growth in OECD Countries. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(5), 71. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n5p71
Kreishan. (2011). Economic Growth and Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 228–231. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2011.228.231
Krstić, B., & Petrović, B. (2012). The Role of Knowledge Management in Increasing Enterprise’s Innovativeness. Facta Universitatis, 9(1), 93–110.
Louail, B., & Riache, S. (2019). Asymmetry relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates in the Saudi economy: Application of Okun’s law during the period 1991–2017. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 6(10), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2019.10.013
Marcolin, L., Miroudot, S., & Squicciarini, M. (2016). Routine jobs, employment and technological innovation in global value chains. Working Paper, January, 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1787/5jm5dcz2d26j-en
Meer, J., & West, J. (2016). Effects of The Minimum Wage on Employment Dynamics. Journal of Human Resources, 51(2), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.51.2.0414-6298R1
Melliana, A., & Zain, I. (2013). Statistical Analysis of Some Factor that Influence Human Development Index in Regency/city in East Java with Panel Regression. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni Pomits, 2(2), 237–242.
Muminin, M. A., & Hidayat R, W. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2011-2015. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 1(3), 374–384.
Murugasu, B. D., Wei, A. J., & Hwa, T. B. (2013). The Marginal Propensity to Consume across Household Income Groups (Bank Negara Malaysia Working Paper Series WP2; Issue December). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19028.19844
Panjawa, J., & Soebagiyo, D. (2014). Efek Peningkatan Upah Minimum Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 15(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.15.1.1283
Pauw, J. B. de, Gericke, N., Olsson, D., & Berglund, T. (2015). The Effectiveness of Education for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 7(11), 15693–15717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115693
Pitartono, R., & Banatul, H. (2012). Analisis Tingkat Pengangguran di Jawa Tengah Tahun 1997-2010. Diponegoro Journal Of Economics, 1(1), 1–10.
Sadiku, M., Ibraimi, A., & Sadiku, L. (2015). Econometric Estimation of the Relationship between Unemployment Rate and Economic Growth of FYR of Macedonia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 19(August), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00009-x
Shah, H., & Khuhawar, K. H. (2019). Social Problems Due To Unemployment. Journal of Marketing and Information Systems, 1(2), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmis.v1i2.476
Siregar, T. H. (2020). Impacts of Minimum Wages on Employment and Unemployment in Indonesia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 25(1), 62–78.
Taty, S., Possumah, B. T., & Razak, R. I. (2017). Human Capital Competitiveness in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC): The Role of Regulation, Indonesia Experiences. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2017.267.273
Teixeira, P. N. (2011). A Reluctant Founding Father: Placing Jacob Mincer in the History of (Labor) Economics. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 18(5), 673–695.
Vivarelli, M. (2014). Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 123–154. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480106
Vukovic, A., Djokovic, G., & Roncevic, D. (2015). The Necessity of Solving the Youth Unemployment. Ekonomika, 61(1), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1501173v
Published
2021-04-01
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, & . (2021). DETERMINAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI D.I. YOGYAKARTA. Develop, 5(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.25139/dev.v5i1.3689
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