Becoming a hoax buster in WhatsApp groups as an effort to limit the dissemination of misleading health information
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v5i1.2408Keywords:
hoax buster, health information, whatsapp groupAbstract
The dissemination of hoax information, especially about health, is spread quickly and massively through WhatsApp Group. The use of WhatsApp Group makes it easy to share and distribute information. This study raised Hoax Buster’s phenomenon, which is someone who checks the facts at WhatsApp Group. This study explored the answers to the following questions: how WhatsApp Group members act as Hoax Buster, reasons for being a Hoax Buster, and how Hoax Buster develops communication patterns. This research used a qualitative method with case studies where data was obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with several sources. The results of the study were: 1) The existence of Hoax Buster is due to the circulation of Hoax in WhatsApp Group, 2) The role of Hoax Buster arises because of concerns about health Hoaxes in WhatsApp Group and encourages WhatsApp Group members not easily to believe unclear information, 3) Hoax busters communicate through several stagesReferences
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Aldwairi, M., & Alwahedi, A. (2018). Detecting Fake News in Social Media Networks. Procedia Computer Science, 141, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.171
Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M., & Yu, C. (2019). Trends in the diffusion of misinformation on social media. Research & Politics, 6(2), 205316801984855. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168019848554
Anwar, F. (2019, February). 10 Hoax Kesehatan yang Sering Beredar di Whatsapp dan Facebook. Detik.Health.Com.
Arif, R. (2016). Internet as a Hope or a Hoax for Emerging Democracies: Revisiting the Concept of Citizenship in the Digital Age. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 236(December 2015), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.12.002
Chiou, L., & Tucker, C. (2018). Fake News and Advertising on Social Media: A Study of the Anti-Vaccination Movement. https://doi.org/10.3386/w25223
DAL. (2019, January). LIPI: Jawa Barat, Aceh, dan Banten Tertinggi Informasi Hoaks. CNN Indonesia.
Denzin, N. K. Y. S., & Lincoln, S. (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14(4), 336. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80230-0
Ferdiawan, Y. I., Nurjanah, P. A. D., Krisdyan, E. P., Hidayatullah, A., Sirait, H. J. M., & Rakhmawati, N. A. (2019). HOAX Impact to Community Through Social Media Indonesia. Cakrawala - Jurnal Humaniora, 19(1), 121–124.
Gumgum, G., Justito, A., & Nunik, M. (2017). Literasi media: Cerdas menggunakan media sosial dalam menanggulangi berita palsu (hoax) oleh siswa SMA. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/1410 - 5675
Hasan, M. A. (2017, May). Info Hoax Soal Kesehatan Paling Banyak Beredar di Masyarakat. Tirto.Id.
Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T., & Liu, J. (2019). Does Media Literacy Help Identification of Fake News? Information Literacy Helps, but Other Literacies Don’t. American Behavioral Scientist, 000276421986940. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219869406
Kim, A., Moravec, P. L., & Dennis, A. R. (2019). Combating Fake News on Social Media with Source Ratings: The Effects of User and Expert Reputation Ratings. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(3), 931–968. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2019.1628921
Kitchen, P. J., Kerr, G., Schultz, D. E., McColl, R., & Pals, H. (2014). The elaboration likelihood model: Review, critique and research agenda. European Journal of Marketing, 48(11–12), 2033–2050. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2011-0776
Matassi, M., Boczkowski, P. J., & Mitchelstein, E. (2019). Domesticating WhatsApp: Family, friends, work, and study in everyday communication. New Media and Society, 21(10), 2183–2200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819841890
Mesquita, C. T., Oliveira, A., Seixas, F. L., & Paes, A. (2020). Infodemia, Fake News and Medicine: Science and The Quest for Truth. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200073
Movanita, A. N. K. (2018, March). BIN: 60 Persen Konten Media Sosial adalah Informasi Hoaks. Kompas.
Panuju, R. (2017). Pengawasan Iklan Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional di Televisi. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 1(2), 186–205. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1i2.154
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19(C), 123–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
Prasanti, D. (2018). Health Information of Literation as Prevention Processes of Hoax Information in the Use of Traditional Medicine in Digital Era (Literasi Informasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Informasi Hoax dalam Penggunaan Obat Tradisional di Era Digital). Journal Pekommas, 3(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.30818/jpkm.2018.2030105
Putri, D. Y., & Alfatih, A. (2019). PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF PENYULUH TAX GOES TO CAMPUS TERHADAP KESADARAN HUKUM PERPAJAKAN MAHASISWA. Sriwijaya University.
Ratzan, S., & Parker, R. (2000). Health Literacy. MD: National Institutes of Health.
Ray, A. (2017). Digital Literacy. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 2225–2234). Willey. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch193
Rochimawati, & Berlian, I. (2018, March). 92 Persen Berita Hoax Kesehatan dari Media Sosial. Viva.Co.Id.
Sommariva, S., Vamos, C., Mantzarlis, A., Äà o, L. U.-L., & Martinez Tyson, D. (2018). Spreading the (Fake) News: Exploring Health Messages on Social Media and the Implications for Health Professionals Using a Case Study. American Journal of Health Education, 49(4), 246–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2018.1473178
Sugiyono. (2014). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif R&D, Alvabeta, Bandung.
Syam, H. M., & Nurrahmi, F. (2020). “I Don’t Know If It Is Fake or Real News†How Little Indonesian University Students Understand Social Media Literacy. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-06
Tennant, B., Stellefson, M., Dodd, V., Chaney, B., Chaney, D., Paige, S., & Alber, J. (2015). eHealth Literacy and Web 2.0 Health Information Seeking Behaviors Among Baby Boomers and Older Adults. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), e70. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3992
Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H. G., Strömbäck, J., Vliegenthart, R., Damstra, A., & Lindgren, E. (2020). Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1759443
Tumanggor, F. (2017, May). Survey PWI, Hoax Terbanyak di Medsos Bidang Kesehatan. Tagar.Id.
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72(May), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
Walter, N., Cohen, J., Holbert, R. L., & Morag, Y. (2020). Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom. Political Communication, 37(3), 350–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2019.1668894
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2021-02-16
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Suminar, J. R. ., & Hadisiwi, P. . (2021). Becoming a hoax buster in WhatsApp groups as an effort to limit the dissemination of misleading health information. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 5(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v5i1.2408
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