Simulacra in women’s majelis taklim based on Jean Baudrillard’s perspective
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Keywords:
Majelis Taklim, hijrah, simulacra-simulation-hyperreality, Baudrillard
Abstract
This research aimed to discover the meaning of the Majelis Taklim for upper-middle-class worshipers and how simulacra-simulation and hyperreality processes occur in the Salafi Majelis Taklim. This research was a qualitative descriptive study which explored data through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data was analysed by Miles and Huberman’s analysis through three related sub-processes, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Jean Baudrillard’s simulation-simulacra theory was used as the primary research framework. The results of data analysis revealed that (1) Majelis Taklim became a mean of hijrah for the members. The hijrah referred here is the conversion from non-Salafi to a Salafi movement. It is an ideology that Muslims must return to the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Apostles to become more religious, increase social piety, and stay away from restrictions (usury, photos, polytheistic acts, etc.). (2) With media’s support, Majelis Taklim became a simulacrum for the simulation process, which ultimately led to hyperreality, especially signs consumption practices (fashion, worship groups). (3) Hyperreality occurred in religious life.
References
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Astuti, Y. D. (2015). DARI SIMULASI REALITAS SOSIAL HINGGA HIPER-REALITAS VISUAL: Tinjauan Komunikasi Virtual Melalui Sosial Media di Cyberspace. Profetik, 8(2), 15–26.
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Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations ( and P. B. Paul Foss, P. Patton (ed.)). Semiotext.
Baudrillard, J. (2000). The Vital Illusion. Columbia University Press.
Bhatt, C. (2014). The Virtues of Violence: The Salafi-Jihadi Political Universe. Theory, Culture & Society, 31(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413500079
Braam, A. W. (2017). Towards a multidisciplinary guideline religiousness, spirituality, and psychiatry: what do we need? Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(6), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1377949
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Brouwer, L. (2004). Dutch‐Muslims on the internet: a new discussion platform. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 24(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360200042000212250
Chaplin, C. (2018a). Salafi activism and the promotion of a modern muslim identity: Evolving mediums of da’wa amongst Yogyakartan university students. South East Asia Research, 26(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967828X17752414
Chaplin, C. (2018b). Salafi Islamic piety as civic activism: Wahdah Islamiyah and differentiated citizenship in Indonesia. Citizenship Studies, 22(2), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1445488
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Damir-Geilsdorf, S., Menzfeld, M., & Hedider, Y. (2019). Interpretations of al-wala’ wa-l-bara’ in everyday lives of Salafis in Germany. Religions, 10(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10020124
Dewi, R. S. (2017). “Meme” sebagai sebuah Pesan dan Bentuk Hiperrealitas di Media Sosial. Mediakom, 1, 16–28.
El-Menouar, Y. (2014). The Five Dimensions of Muslim Religiosity . Results of an Empirical Study. Method, Data, Analyses, 8(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2014.003
Elbasani, A. (2016). State-organised Religion and Muslims’ Commitment to Democracy in Albania. Europe - Asia Studies, 68(2), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1136596
Fajriani, S. W., & Sugandi, Y. S. (2019). Hijrah Islami Milenial Berdasarkan Paradigma Berorientasi Identitas. Sosioglobal : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Sosiologi, 3(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v3i2.21643
Gökarıksel, B., & Secor, A. (2010). Between Fashion and Tesettür : Marketing and Consuming Women’s Islamic Dress. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies. https://doi.org/10.2979/MEW.2010.6.3.118
Hamdanah. (2018). Motivasi Ibu-Ibu Mengikuti Pengajian Di Badan Kontak Majelias Taklim (Bkmt) Kota Palangka Raya. Transformatif, 1(2), 118. https://doi.org/10.23971/tf.v1i2.794
Hassim, N. (2014). Hijab and the Malay-Muslim Woman in Media. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.317
Hosseini, S. E., Ramchahi, A. A., & Raja Yusuf, R. J. (2014). The impact of Information Technology on Islamic Behaviour. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 1(5), 135–141.
jatim.kemenag.go.id. (2013). No Title. Https://Jatim.Kemenag.Go.Id/.
Jones, C. (2007). Fashion and faith in urban Indonesia. Fashion Theory - Journal of Dress Body and Culture. https://doi.org/10.2752/136270407X202763
kemenag.go.id. (2019). Majelis Taklim Dapat Wujudkan Moderasi Islam di Indonesia. Kemenag.Go.Id.
Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., Khalifa, D. A., & Al Shohaib, S. (2015). Measures of Religiosity. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00019-X
Lyansari, K. N. (2019). Hijrah Celebrity Creating New Religiosities, Branding Economics of Lifestyle in the Age of Muslim Mass Consumption. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 18(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v18i2.3066
Mahfud, S. (2013). How Does Procedural Fairness Affect Performance Evaluation System Satisfaction? (Evidence from a UK Police Force). Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 15(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5445
Mawardi, A. I., & Riza, A. K. (2019). Why did Kompilasi Hukum Islam succeed while its counter legal draft failed? A political context and legal arguments of the codification of Islamic law for religious courts in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 421–453. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.421-453
Miichi, K. (2019). Urban Sufi and politics in contemporary Indonesia: the role of dhikr associations in the anti-‘Ahok’ rallies. South East Asia Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828X.2019.1667110
Miles dan Huberman. (2014). Qualitatif Data Analysis. In Diterjemahkan oleh Tjetjep Rohendi Roheli. UI Press.
Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson.
Noor, F. A. (2015). Popular Religiosity in Indonesia Today: The Next Step after ‘Islam Kultural’? Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.532.33-52
Osborne, R. (2012). Hyperreality. In Megawords: 200 Terms You Really Need to Know. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221532.n117
Perry, N. (2012). Hyperreality and global culture. In Hyperreality and Global Culture. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203019375
Piliang, Y. A. (2003). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna. Jalasutra.
Piliang, Y. A. (2010). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna (Kelima). Jalasutra.
Pisani, E., & Buehler, M. (2017). Why do Indonesian politicians promote shari’a laws? An analytic framework for Muslim-majority democracies. Third World Quarterly, 38(3), 734–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1206453
Rachmawati, F. (2015). RETHINKING USWAH HASANAH : Etika Dakwah dalam Bingkai Hiperrealitas. JURNAL ILMU DAKWAH, Vol. 35, N, 307–333.
Rofhani, R. (2017). Ekspresi dan Representasi Budaya Perempuan Muslim Kelas Menengah di Surabaya. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 11(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2017.11.2.277-310
Sari, I. K., & Riso, N. (2017). Menilik Prospek Fashion Muslim di Indonesia. Kumparan.
Shahriza Abdul Karim, N., & Hasan, A. (2007). Reading habits and attitude in the digital age. The Electronic Library. https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470710754805
Shavit, U. (2014). Can Muslims Befriend Non-Muslims? Debating al-walā wa-al-barā (Loyalty and Disavowal) in Theory and Practice. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2013.851329
Sophia, E. (2014). PERILAKU KONSUMSI KOMUNITAS PENGAJIAN AL-IKHLAS RUNGKUT SURABAYA. JESTT Vol. 1 No. 10 Oktober 2014, 1(10), 691–703.
Suprapto, & Huda, M. (2018). Antara Penguatan Identitas dan Komodifikasi Agama: (Studi atas Maraknya Kompleks Hunian Muslim Di Lombok). Jurnal Penelitian Keagamaan, 28, 1–14.
Tolsma, L. (2008). An “Islamised Australian way of life”: developing an Islamic social capital framework. Re-Imagining Sociology, 1–17.
Winn, P. (2012). Women’s Majelis Taklim and Gendered Religious Practice in Northern Ambon, Intersections: Gender and Sexuality” in Asia and the Pacific. Issue 30, November 2012.
Zulfikar, G. (2017). PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH DALAM MASYARAKAT VIRTUAL. Jurnal Al-Muttaqin, Vol. IV, N, 85–90.
Abdel Gawad, N., Chotalia, J., Parsaik, A., Pigott, T., & Allen, M. (2017). Religiosity in acute psychiatric inpatients: Relationship with demographics, clinical features, and length of stay. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(6), 448–452. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000688
Akhavan, B., Asadi, F., & Gholamalipoor, P. (2018). 1- Introduction. 6(24).
Alam, S. S., Mohd, R., & Hisham, B. (2011). Is religiosity an important determinant on Muslim consumer behaviour in Malaysia? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831111115268
Astuti, Y. D. (2015). DARI SIMULASI REALITAS SOSIAL HINGGA HIPER-REALITAS VISUAL: Tinjauan Komunikasi Virtual Melalui Sosial Media di Cyberspace. Profetik, 8(2), 15–26.
Atwan, A. B. (2016). Islamic state: the digital caliphate. Choice Reviews Online. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.194638
BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK. (2010). No Title. BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK.
Baudrillard, J. (1976). Symbolic Exchange and Death. Semiotext.
Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations ( and P. B. Paul Foss, P. Patton (ed.)). Semiotext.
Baudrillard, J. (2000). The Vital Illusion. Columbia University Press.
Bhatt, C. (2014). The Virtues of Violence: The Salafi-Jihadi Political Universe. Theory, Culture & Society, 31(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413500079
Braam, A. W. (2017). Towards a multidisciplinary guideline religiousness, spirituality, and psychiatry: what do we need? Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(6), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1377949
Brigaitis, P. (2005). Religious Engagement and Social Capital in the Islamic Context. University of North Texas, May.
Brouwer, L. (2004). Dutch‐Muslims on the internet: a new discussion platform. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 24(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360200042000212250
Chaplin, C. (2018a). Salafi activism and the promotion of a modern muslim identity: Evolving mediums of da’wa amongst Yogyakartan university students. South East Asia Research, 26(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967828X17752414
Chaplin, C. (2018b). Salafi Islamic piety as civic activism: Wahdah Islamiyah and differentiated citizenship in Indonesia. Citizenship Studies, 22(2), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1445488
Damir-Geilsdorf, S., & Menzfeld, M. (2017). Who are “the” Salafis? Journal of Muslims in Europe, 6(1), 22–51. https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-12341337
Damir-Geilsdorf, S., Menzfeld, M., & Hedider, Y. (2019). Interpretations of al-wala’ wa-l-bara’ in everyday lives of Salafis in Germany. Religions, 10(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10020124
Dewi, R. S. (2017). “Meme” sebagai sebuah Pesan dan Bentuk Hiperrealitas di Media Sosial. Mediakom, 1, 16–28.
El-Menouar, Y. (2014). The Five Dimensions of Muslim Religiosity . Results of an Empirical Study. Method, Data, Analyses, 8(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2014.003
Elbasani, A. (2016). State-organised Religion and Muslims’ Commitment to Democracy in Albania. Europe - Asia Studies, 68(2), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1136596
Fajriani, S. W., & Sugandi, Y. S. (2019). Hijrah Islami Milenial Berdasarkan Paradigma Berorientasi Identitas. Sosioglobal : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Sosiologi, 3(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v3i2.21643
Gökarıksel, B., & Secor, A. (2010). Between Fashion and Tesettür : Marketing and Consuming Women’s Islamic Dress. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies. https://doi.org/10.2979/MEW.2010.6.3.118
Hamdanah. (2018). Motivasi Ibu-Ibu Mengikuti Pengajian Di Badan Kontak Majelias Taklim (Bkmt) Kota Palangka Raya. Transformatif, 1(2), 118. https://doi.org/10.23971/tf.v1i2.794
Hassim, N. (2014). Hijab and the Malay-Muslim Woman in Media. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.317
Hosseini, S. E., Ramchahi, A. A., & Raja Yusuf, R. J. (2014). The impact of Information Technology on Islamic Behaviour. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 1(5), 135–141.
jatim.kemenag.go.id. (2013). No Title. Https://Jatim.Kemenag.Go.Id/.
Jones, C. (2007). Fashion and faith in urban Indonesia. Fashion Theory - Journal of Dress Body and Culture. https://doi.org/10.2752/136270407X202763
kemenag.go.id. (2019). Majelis Taklim Dapat Wujudkan Moderasi Islam di Indonesia. Kemenag.Go.Id.
Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., Khalifa, D. A., & Al Shohaib, S. (2015). Measures of Religiosity. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00019-X
Lyansari, K. N. (2019). Hijrah Celebrity Creating New Religiosities, Branding Economics of Lifestyle in the Age of Muslim Mass Consumption. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 18(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v18i2.3066
Mahfud, S. (2013). How Does Procedural Fairness Affect Performance Evaluation System Satisfaction? (Evidence from a UK Police Force). Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 15(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5445
Mawardi, A. I., & Riza, A. K. (2019). Why did Kompilasi Hukum Islam succeed while its counter legal draft failed? A political context and legal arguments of the codification of Islamic law for religious courts in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 421–453. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.421-453
Miichi, K. (2019). Urban Sufi and politics in contemporary Indonesia: the role of dhikr associations in the anti-‘Ahok’ rallies. South East Asia Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828X.2019.1667110
Miles dan Huberman. (2014). Qualitatif Data Analysis. In Diterjemahkan oleh Tjetjep Rohendi Roheli. UI Press.
Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson.
Noor, F. A. (2015). Popular Religiosity in Indonesia Today: The Next Step after ‘Islam Kultural’? Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.532.33-52
Osborne, R. (2012). Hyperreality. In Megawords: 200 Terms You Really Need to Know. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221532.n117
Perry, N. (2012). Hyperreality and global culture. In Hyperreality and Global Culture. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203019375
Piliang, Y. A. (2003). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna. Jalasutra.
Piliang, Y. A. (2010). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies atas Matinya Makna (Kelima). Jalasutra.
Pisani, E., & Buehler, M. (2017). Why do Indonesian politicians promote shari’a laws? An analytic framework for Muslim-majority democracies. Third World Quarterly, 38(3), 734–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1206453
Rachmawati, F. (2015). RETHINKING USWAH HASANAH : Etika Dakwah dalam Bingkai Hiperrealitas. JURNAL ILMU DAKWAH, Vol. 35, N, 307–333.
Rofhani, R. (2017). Ekspresi dan Representasi Budaya Perempuan Muslim Kelas Menengah di Surabaya. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 11(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2017.11.2.277-310
Sari, I. K., & Riso, N. (2017). Menilik Prospek Fashion Muslim di Indonesia. Kumparan.
Shahriza Abdul Karim, N., & Hasan, A. (2007). Reading habits and attitude in the digital age. The Electronic Library. https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470710754805
Shavit, U. (2014). Can Muslims Befriend Non-Muslims? Debating al-walā wa-al-barā (Loyalty and Disavowal) in Theory and Practice. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2013.851329
Sophia, E. (2014). PERILAKU KONSUMSI KOMUNITAS PENGAJIAN AL-IKHLAS RUNGKUT SURABAYA. JESTT Vol. 1 No. 10 Oktober 2014, 1(10), 691–703.
Suprapto, & Huda, M. (2018). Antara Penguatan Identitas dan Komodifikasi Agama: (Studi atas Maraknya Kompleks Hunian Muslim Di Lombok). Jurnal Penelitian Keagamaan, 28, 1–14.
Tolsma, L. (2008). An “Islamised Australian way of life”: developing an Islamic social capital framework. Re-Imagining Sociology, 1–17.
Winn, P. (2012). Women’s Majelis Taklim and Gendered Religious Practice in Northern Ambon, Intersections: Gender and Sexuality” in Asia and the Pacific. Issue 30, November 2012.
Zulfikar, G. (2017). PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH DALAM MASYARAKAT VIRTUAL. Jurnal Al-Muttaqin, Vol. IV, N, 85–90.
Published
2020-11-05
How to Cite
, , & . (2020). Simulacra in women’s majelis taklim based on Jean Baudrillard’s perspective. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 4(3), 632-649. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i3.2677
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