Developing an alternative media for visually impaired audiences: ‘Bioskop Harewos’ Bandung
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Keywords:
alternative media, Bioskop Harewos, film, visually impaired audiences, visual reader
Abstract
Bioskop Harewos is a cinema in the Bandung, West Java, intended for visually impaired audiences. This research focused on efforts to uncover the existence of Bioskop Harewos for the visually impaired and the model of watching films of visually impaired audiences in Bioskop Harewos. The research method was a qualitative case study using several theories and concepts for alternative media. This research collected various data from cinematographers, cinema managers, and Bioskop Harewos team and audiences through interviews. The results showed that Bioskop Harewos is an alternative media for visually impaired audiences in Bandung to watch films in cinemas. Even with the ‘Harewos’ system, the Bioskop Harewos had fulfilled the visually impaired audiences’ demands to watch films in the cinema. The technical limitations of Bioskop Harewos did not reduce the value of entertainment for visually impaired audiences.
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Sunikka-Blank, M., Bardhan, R., Schupp, J., Prabhu, J., & Penz, F. (2020). Films as source of everyday life and energy use: A case of Indian cinema. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, 101655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101655
Vanzha, P. (2018). Pengalaman Sebagai Tuna Netra. Personal Interviews.
Wahl-jorgensen, K., & Hanitzsch, T. (2019). Handbook of journalism studies (2nd edition). Routledge.
Wijaya, A. T., & Nurhajati, L. (2018). Implementasi CRPD dalam aspek aksesibilitas. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(2), 181–208.
Assbeihat, J. M. (2016). The Impact of Collaboration among Members on Team’s Performance. Management and Administrative Sciences Review , 5(5), 248–259.
Atton, C. (2001). Alternative Media. Sage Publications.
Bailey, O. G., Cammaerts, B., & Carpanteir, N. (2008). Understanding alternative media. Open University Press.
Bardini, F. (2020a). Film language, film emotions and the experience of blind and partially sighted viewers: A reception study. Journal of Specialised Translation, 33, 259–280.
Bardini, F. (2020b). Audio description and the translation of film language into words. Ilha Do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies, 73(1), 273–296. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2020v73n1p273
Benjamin, W. (2006). Borish’s Clinical Refraction (2nd ed.). Elsavier Butterworth-Heinemann.
BKPM. (2018). Peningkatan Pasar Film Nasional dalam Mendukung Industri Film Indonesia. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal.
Blakeman, R. (2014). Integrated marketing communication: Creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Corn, A. L., & Erin, J. N. (2010). Foundations of low vision : clinical and functional perspectives (2nd ed.). AFB Press.
Degener, T. (2016). Disability in a Human Rights Context. Laws, 5(3), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws5030035
Denzin, N. K. Y. S., & Lincoln, S. (1994). Handbook of qualitative Reaseacrh. Sage Publications.
Ellis, R. (2001). Movies and Meaning. The Expository Times, 112(9), 304–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/001452460111200905
Fatina, N. N., & Irwansyah, I. (2020). Persepsi inter-aktivitas khalayak terhadap film interaktif “Bandersnatch.” Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 4(2), 453. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i2.1887
Fuchs, C. (2010). Alternative Media as Critical Media. European Journal of Social Theory, 13(2), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431010362294
Grubba, L. S. (2020). Cinema, Human Rights And Development: The Cinema As A Pedagogical Practice. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 8(1), 87–123. https://doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2020.238
Gurkan, H. (2015). Cinema as an Alternative Media: Offside by Jafar Panahi. Global Media Journal, 13(24).
International Labour Organization. (2013). Inklusi penyandang disabilitas di Indonesia.
Karbalaeetaher, H. S. (2020). Cinema And Society In The Light Of Emile Zola’s Naturalism. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 8(1), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2020.244
Karolina, C. M., Maryani, E., & Sjuchro, D. W. (2019). Model komunikasi ideal antara tuna netra dan Visual Reader dalam menonton film. Jurnal Komunikasi, 14(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol14.iss1.art4
Karolina, C. M., Maryani, E., & Sjuchro, D. W. (2020a). Implikasi genre film dan pemahaman penonton film tuna netra di “Bioskop Harewos.” ProTVF, 4(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.24198/ptvf.v4i1.25035
Karolina, C. M., Maryani, E., & Sjuchro, D. W. (2020b). The Communication Competence of Visual Reader at Visually Impaired’s Cinema. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 8(2), 225. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i2.488
Kenix, L. J. (2011). The future of alternative media? Observatorio, 5(1), 187–214. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS512011472
Khadka, J., Ryan, B., Margrain, T. H., Woodhouse, J. M., & Davies, N. (2012). Listening to voices of children with a visual impairment: A focus group study. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 30(3), 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619612453105
Lopez, M. (2017). How a new technology will help blind people “see” at the cinema. Independent.Co.Uk.
Maria, P., & Mira, T.-A. (2013). Social attitudes and beliefs of sighted people towards blindness and blind persons. Specijalna Edukacija i Rehabilitacija, 12(4), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh12-4288
Maryani, E., & Adiprasetio, J. (2018). Literasi.co sebagai Media Alternatif dan Kooperasi Akar Rumput. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 6(2), 261. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v6i2.18722
Mattoni, A. (2016). Alternative media. In Protest Cultures: A Companion (Vol. 17, pp. 221–227). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781544308708.n11
Molina, L., & Hurtado Albir, A. (2004). Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach. Meta, 47(4), 498–512. https://doi.org/10.7202/008033ar
Naeem, S., Khanzada, B., Mubashir, T., & Sohail, H. (2018). Impact of Project Planning on Project Success with Mediating Role of Risk Management and Moderating Role of Organizational Culture. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 9(1), 88–98.
Naipal, S., & Rampersad, N. (2018). A review of visual impairment. African Vision and Eye Health, 77(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v77i1.393
Netty. (2017). Pengaturan tentang pemenuhan hak-hak penyandang cacat berdasarkan convention on the rights of persons with disabilities tahun 2016 di Indonesia.No Title.
Propiona, J. K., Kurniasari, T. W., Widyawati, N., Rohman, M. S., & Marzuki, M. A. (2013). Hak kesehatan dan jaminan sosial bagi penyandang disabilitas di kabupaten daerah tertinggal di Indonesia : implementasi HAM di Indonesia (L. Mulyani (ed.)). PMB-LIPI : PT Gading Inti Prima,.
Rayner, P., W, P., & Stephen, K. (2004). Media Studies: The essential introduction. Routledge.
Sunikka-Blank, M., Bardhan, R., Schupp, J., Prabhu, J., & Penz, F. (2020). Films as source of everyday life and energy use: A case of Indian cinema. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, 101655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101655
Vanzha, P. (2018). Pengalaman Sebagai Tuna Netra. Personal Interviews.
Wahl-jorgensen, K., & Hanitzsch, T. (2019). Handbook of journalism studies (2nd edition). Routledge.
Wijaya, A. T., & Nurhajati, L. (2018). Implementasi CRPD dalam aspek aksesibilitas. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(2), 181–208.
