Restrictions on Modern Retail in Regions from a Utilitarian Perspective Following the Introduction of Risk-Based Licensing Policies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v9i4.11058Kata Kunci:
Modern Retail, Risk-Based Licensing, Utilitarianism, Traditional Markets, MSMEsAbstrak
The presence of modern retail outlets in local regions has created a dilemma for economic development. On the one hand, modern retail provides benefits such as increased employment opportunities and access to quality goods at competitive prices. On the other hand, it threatens the existence of traditional markets and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Following the enactment of the risk-based licensing policy through Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021, the licensing process for modern retail has become easier, thus limiting the regulatory authority of local governments. This study aims to analyze the restrictions on modern retail in local areas from the perspective of utilitarianism and to assess the extent to which such policies provide the greatest benefit for society. The research method employed is a normative juridical approach, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case studies. The findings reveal that protection for traditional markets and MSMEs remains suboptimal, despite restrictions having been formally regulated through Minister of Trade Regulation No. 18 of 2022 and several local zoning regulations. Implementation in practice still faces challenges such as weak coordination, limited local legal instruments, and the dominance of capital interests. From a utilitarian perspective, restrictions on modern retail are considered good if they balance the interests of modern retail businesses, traditional markets, and MSMEs, thereby creating happiness and utility for the broader society. Therefore, stronger regulations and more effective supervision mechanisms at both central and local levels are necessary to ensure that such policies truly align with the legal purpose of promoting public welfare.
Referensi
BOOK
Aburaera, Sukarno, Muhadar & Maskun, Filsafat Hukum (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2017).
Adnyana, I Wayan, Raksasa Ritel di Kota Denpasar: Marginalisasi Pedagang Kecil Akibat Ekspansi Minimarket Modern di Kota Denpasar (Bandung: Nilacakra, 2021).
Anggraini, Jum, Filsafat Hukum (Jakarta: Universitas Pancasila, 2020).
Anhandrawulan, Hukum Perusahaan Multinasional, Liberalisasi Hukum Perdagangan Internasional dan Hukum Penanaman Modal (Bandung: Alumni, 2011).
Fitri, Nurul, Analisis Dampak Usaha Ritel Modern terhadap Usaha Ritel Tradisional di Kota Yogyakarta UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2017) [unpublished].
Hasan, Muhammad & Muhammad Azis, Pembangunan Ekonomi & Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Strategi Pembangunan Manusia dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Lokal (Makassar: CV. Nur Lina Bekerjasama dengan Pustaka Taman Ilmu, 2018).
Rakhmat, H Muhammad, Pengantar Filsafat Hukum (Bandung: LoGoz Publishing, 2014).
Salman, Otje, Filsafat Hukum (Perkembangan & Dinamika Masalah) (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2016).
Shomad, Abd & Prawitra Thalib, Pengantar Filsafat Hukum (Surabaya: AUP & PIPS UNAIR, 2020).
Zainuddin, H, Filsafat Hukum, 6th ed (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2016).
JOURNAL
Abdullah, Mhd Khadafi, “Perlindungan Hukum Pelaku Usaha Bisnis Ritel Tradisional terhadap Perkembangan Ritel Modern di Kota Padang” (2019) 1:4 UNES J Swara Justisia.
Ali, Mahrus, “Pemetaan Tesis dalam Aliran-Aliran Filsafat Hukum dan Konsekuensi Metodologisnya” (2017) 24:2 J Huk Ius Quia Iustum.
Apriadi, Riko, “Analisis Yuridis Pengaturan Asas Keseimbangan Kepentingan Ritel Modern dengan Pasar Tradisional dalam Peraturan Daerah (Perbandingan Kota Surakarta dengan Kota Malang)” (2013) 1:2 J Mhs Fak Huk Univ Brawijaya.
Bentham, Jeremy & Michael Quinn, “A failure to reconcile the irreconcilable? Security, subsistence and equality in Bentham’s writings on the civil code and on the poor laws” (2008) 29:2 Hist Polit Thought.
Dewi, Ita Mutiara, “Implementasi Kebijakan Perencanaan Penataan Toko Modern Berjaringan Nasional di Kabupaten Sleman dalam Studi Ekonomi Politik” (2015) 19:1 J Penelit Hum.
Iqbal, Mahathir Muhammad, “Implementasi Kebijakan Tentang Penataan, Pembinaan, dan Pengelolaan Pasar Tradisional Serta Toko Modern” (2017) 9:1 J Pelopor.
Kusnadi, Dedek, “Implementasi Kebijakan Penataan Ritel Tradisional dan Modern di Kota Jambi” (2013) 5:1 J Jejaring Adm Publik.
Latipulhayat, Atip, “Khazanah: Jeremy Bentham” (2015) 2:2 Padjadjaran J Ilmu Huk (Journal Law).
Lidiawati & Muhammad Mufti Imam Suyanto, “Analisis Dampak Usaha Ritel Modern terhadap Ritel Tradisional: Studi Kasus di Wilayah Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat” (2020) 5:2 J Ekon dan Bisnis Indones.
Mangeswuri, Dewi Restu & Niken Paramita Purwanto, “Revitalisasi Pasar Tradisional di Indonesia” (2010) 2:1 J Ekon Kebijak Publik.
Nurani, Muhammad Fahmi, “Toko Modern dan Tradisional: Keadilan Regulasi” (2021) 7:2 J Hum Teknol.
Rasaili, Wilda, “Kebijakan Larangan Pembangunan Ritel Modern dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kecil di Banyuwangi” (2020) 4:2 Matra Pembaruan J Inov Kebijak.
Sarwoko, Endi, “Dampak Keberadaan Pasar Modern terhadap Kinerja Pedagang Pasar Tradisional di Wilayah Kabupaten” (2008) 4:2 J Ekon Mod.
WEBSITE
Dediarta, Wendi Irawan, “Industri Retail Modern Pro dan Kontra tentang Perkembangan Retail Modern di Indonesia”, (2011), online: <https://id.scribd.com/>.
Wahyudi, Nyoman Ary, “Pelonggaran Mobilitas, Kemendag Dorong Permudah Izin Usaha Ritel”, (2022), online: <https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20220412/12/1522309/pelonggaran-mobilitas-kemendag-dorong-permudah-izin-usaha-ritel>.
