Kepastian Hukum Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dan Akta Jual Beli Akibat Adanya Gugatan Wanprestasi dan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v9i4.11329Keywords:
Legal Certainty, PPJB–AJB, Civil LiabilityAbstract
This article examines the legal certainty and consequences arising from the enforceability of the Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli/PPJB) and the Sale and Purchase Deed (Akta Jual Beli/AJB) when one party files a lawsuit for breach of contract or unlawful act before the court. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes the formal and substantive validity of PPJB and AJB based on the Indonesian Civil Code, agrarian regulations, and relevant Supreme Court decisions. PPJB, which is obligatoir in nature, creates contractual rights and obligations, while AJB, as an authentic deed executed by a Land Deed Official (PPAT), serves as conclusive evidence of lawful transfer of land rights. The results show that the existence of a lawsuit does not automatically negate the legal certainty of PPJB or AJB; both remain valid unless annulled by a final court decision supported by strong evidence of fundamental breach, defective consent, or unlawful conduct. Court rulings declaring breach of contract or unlawful act may alter the parties’ rights and obligations, including the possibility of cancellation, enforcement, restitution, or compensation.
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