Integration of Bribery and Corruption Offenses into the National Criminal Code
(Conflict of the Principles Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generali and Lex Posterior Derogat Legi Priori)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v10i1.11382Keywords:
Bribery Offense, Corruption Offense, National Criminal Code, Conflict of PrinciplesAbstract
The Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (New Criminal Code), which will take effect in 2026, has integrated the offenses of bribery and corruption previously regulated specifically in Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (Anti-Corruption Law). This integration is based on the principle of lex posterior derogat legi priori, where the New Criminal Code, as a newer law, replaces the previous provisions. However, the author argues that this approach creates normative conflicts because it violates the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali, where the Anti-Corruption Law, as a special criminal law, should remain applicable to corruption as an extraordinary crime. This analysis also discusses the differing opinions between Prof. Edward Omar Sharif Hiariej (Eddy Hiariej), who supports integration for legal decolonization and social reintegration, and Prof. Romli Atmasasmita, who opposes it because it downgrades corruption to an ordinary offense. The discussion results indicate potential legal chaos, uncertainty for law enforcers, and weakening of anti-corruption efforts.
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