Catcalling as Non-Physical Sexual Harassment Reviewed from Positive Law in Indonesia

Asmi Fahru Reza Mawardi

doi:10.25139/lex.v10i1.11608

Asmi Fahru Reza Mawardi Faculty of Law, University of Surabaya, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v10i1.11608

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Keywords: Catcalling, Non-physical Sexual Harassment, Criminal Law, Morality, TPKS Law

Abstract

Catcalling is a form of non-physical sexual harassment that frequently occurs in public spaces and is often considered a normal part of everyday life. However, this act can have serious psychological impacts and disrupt the sense of security and dignity of victims, particularly women. This study aims to analyze the criminal law provisions regarding catcalling as a form of non-physical sexual harassment from a positive legal perspective in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results indicate that catcalling fulfills the elements of a criminal offense and can be classified as an act violating morality. The provisions can be found in Article 281 paragraph (2) of the old Criminal Code, Article 406 of the National Criminal Code, and Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence. The introduction of the TPKS Law strengthens legal certainty and protects victims of non-physical sexual violence in Indonesia.

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