Dilema Mens Rea pada Algoritma Self-Learning: Siapa yang Bertanggung Jawab Pidana Ketika AI Melakukan Diskriminasi Sistemik?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v10i2.11870Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Mens Rea, Diskriminasi Sistemik, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Algoritma Self-LearningAbstract
Abstrak ini mengeksplorasi tantangan mendasar yang dihadapi oleh sistem hukum pidana tradisional dalam menghadapi kemunculan kecerdasan buatan (AI) yang memiliki kemampuan belajar mandiri (self-learning). Masalah utama penelitian ini terletak pada ketidakmampuan doktrin mens rea konvensional untuk menjangkau tindakan otonom mesin yang menghasilkan dampak diskriminasi sistemik. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana fenomena black box pada algoritma menciptakan celah akuntabilitas yang signifikan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun AI belum diakui sebagai subjek hukum mandiri di Indonesia, terdapat urgensi untuk merekonstruksi model pertanggungjawaban pidana melalui pendekatan vicarious liability atau strict liability yang diadaptasi. Analisis ini juga membandingkan kerangka regulasi internasional seperti EU AI Act untuk merumuskan kebijakan kriminal yang responsif di Indonesia. Kesimpulannya, pembaruan hukum melalui KUHP Baru dan regulasi sektoral harus secara eksplisit mendefinisikan standar kepatuhan algoritmik untuk mencegah diskriminasi sistemik dan menjamin kepastian hukum di era digital.
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