Problematika Pembuktian Unsur Kesengajaan dalam Penjelasan Pasal 114 UU No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika terhadap Anak Buah Kapal dalam Kasus Pengedaran Narkotika Skala Besar

Abstract

This study examines the problem of proving the element of intent in the application of Article 114 of Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, particularly in cases involving ship crew members (Anak Buah Kapal/ABK) in large-scale drug trafficking. The main issue lies in the difficulty of distinguishing between possession and intent, which often leads to broad interpretations in law enforcement practices. This research aims to analyze the scope of intent and to determine the limits of possession and criminal liability for ABK who claim not to know narcotics are being transported. The study uses a normative juridical method combined with a case approach, relying on statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The findings show that intent is often inferred from physical presence or control rather than proven through clear evidence of knowledge and willingness, which risks imposing liability on individuals without actual culpability. The study concludes that stricter standards in proving intent and clearer limitations on possession are necessary to ensure fairness, legal certainty, and proportionality in narcotics law enforcement.