Analysing the potential of industrial tourism for Karawang and the socio-economic impact
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Keywords:
city branding; identity; industrial tourism; tourism identity
Abstract
Karawang is the largest industrial area in Indonesia. It lies in proximity to the capital, Jakarta, encompassing a vast expanse of 13,756,358 hectares dedicated to industrial use. Geographically situated along the bustling Transjava route, it enjoys accessibility through various modes of public transportation. Despite these advantages, Karawang remains relatively unknown in the tourism industry. The development of tourism is intrinsically tied to the concept of identity, where the intricate interplay between tourism and identity assumes growing importance due to the complexity of identity itself. Tourism identity represents the unique characteristics of a region that set it apart from other tourist destinations. The nexus between these two factors can significantly contribute to establishing a city's brand. Field research reveals that Karawang's industrial assets hold the potential to be harnessed for industrial tourism, potentially becoming an integral element of its tourism identity. This study seeks to ascertain the perspectives of the local government in Karawang regarding the development of tourism identity to bolster the city's branding. Employing a case study approach, this article explores the governmental strategies for shaping the city brand of Karawang in the context of industrial tourism. The research findings offer valuable insights and recommendations to strengthen Karawang's distinctive identity.
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Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. (2007). Partners in coffeeshops, canals and commerce: Marketing the city of Amsterdam. Cities. 24(1). pp. 16–25.
Kemenperin.go.id (2019). Usung Konsep 4.0, Kawasan Industri Senilai USD 300 Juta Berdiri di Karawang. Available at: https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/20778/Usung-Konsep-4.0,-Kawasan-Industri-Senilai-USD-300-Juta-Berdiri-di-Karawang.
Knapp, W. (1998). The Rhine‐Ruhr area in transformation: Towards a European metropolitan region? European Planning Studies. 6(4). pp. 379–393.
Knic.co.id (2019). Kota Industri Karawang merupakan yang Terbesar di Indonesia. Available at: https://www.knic.co.id/id/kota-industri-karawang-merupakan-yang-terbesar-di-indonesia.
Konecnik, M. and Go, F. (2008). Tourism destination brand identity: The case of Slovenia. Journal of brand management. 15(3). pp. 177–189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550114.
Krippendorf, J. (2009). The holiday makers: Understanding the impact of leisure and travel. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
Leisen, B. (2001). Image segmentation: the case of a tourism destination. Journal of services marketing.
Mader, T. (2005). Produzierende Betriebe als touristische Attraktionen im Ruhrgebiet: Grundlagen, Erscheinungsformen, Probleme. diplom. de.
Marcon, A., Preuilh, P. and Ksouri, S. (2000). Tourisme de découverte économique & visites d’entreprises: bilan, perspectives et préconisations pour un développement harmonieux et durable. Conseil national du tourisme.
Matiza, T. and Oni, O. A. (2014). Managing the tourist destination image: The case of Africa. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 62(4). pp. 397–406.
McBoyle, G. (1994). Industry's contribution to Scottish tourism: The example of malt whisky distilleries. Tourism: The state of the art. pp. 517–528.
Merz, M., He, Y. and Vargo, S. (2009). The evolving brand logic: a service-dominant logic perspective. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 37(3). pp. 328–344.
Miftahuddin, A. et al. (2021). City branding and its variables: The evidence from Indonesia. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites. 34(1). pp. 240–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.34132-643.
Mitchell, M. A. and Orwig, R. A. (2002). Consumer experience tourism and brand bonding. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Morice, J.-R. (2006). Visite d’entreprise en Europe. Editions touristiques européennes.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. (1999). Tourism and sustainability, new tourism in the Third World. Journal of development studies. 35(5). pp. 191–196.
Otgaar, A. (2010). Industrial tourism: Where the public meets the private.
Otgaar, A. (2012). Towards a common agenda for the development of industrial tourism. Tourism management perspectives. 4. pp. 86–91.
Otgaar, A. and Klijs, J. (2010). The regional economic effects of industrial tourism development. in 50th European Congress of the Regional Science Association International. J onkoping. Sweden.
Paliaga, M., Franjić, Z. and Strunje, Ž. (2010). Methodology of valuation of cities' brands. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja. 23(2). pp. 102–111.
Pechlaner, H., Fischer, E. and Go, F. (2006). Identity-creating values as a basis for the integrated promotion?-The case of Ingolstadt-AUDI AG Partnership.
Price, W. R. (2021). Mining for Tourists: An Analysis of Industrial Tourism and Government Policy in Wales. Tourism Planning & Development. 18(4). pp. 435–456. DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2020.1829695.
Risitano, M. (2006). The role of destination branding in the tourism stakeholders system. The Campi Flegrei case in IV International doctoral tourism and leisure colloquium.
Robinson, M. and Novelli, M. (2005). Niche tourism: an introduction. Niche tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases. pp. 1–11.
Rudd, M. A. (1988). Davis J 九 Industrial Heritage Tourism at the Bingham Canyon Copper Mine. Journal of travel research. 36(3). p. 85.
Saraniemi, S. (2011). From destination image building to identity‐based branding. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research.
Schmidt, D. (1988). Industrie-Tourismus: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Anwendung auf ausgewählte Gemeinden der Landkreise Coburg. Kronach und Lichtenfels/von Detlev Schmidt. Univ. Lehrstuhl Wirtschaftsgeographie u. Regionalplanung.
Setiyaning, K. A. and Nugroho, P. (2017). The role of batik and lurik in forming local identity in Klaten Regency based on public perception. Journal of Regional and City Planning. 28(1). pp. 32–51.
Soltani, A. et al. (2018). Exploring city branding strategies and their impacts on local tourism success, the case study of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 23(2). pp. 158–169. DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2017.1410195.
Swarbrooke, J. (2002). Turismo sustentável: turismo cultural, ecoturismo e ética. v. 5. Aleph.
Takon, T., Amalu, T. and Okpara, D. (2013). Assessment of local people's attitude towards natural resource conservation in Boki local government area of Cross River state, Nigeria. Research Journal in Organizational Psychology and Education Studies. 2(2). pp. 60–66.
Xie, P. F. (2006). Developing industrial heritage tourism: A case study of the proposed jeep museum in Toledo, Ohio. Tourism management. 27(6). pp. 1321–1330.
Yang, X. (2017). Industrial heritage tourism development and city image reconstruction in Chinese traditional industrial cities: a web content analysis. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 12(3). pp. 267–280. DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1236800.
Zevedo, A. (2004). Image transference from product branding to place branding: the case study of Marinha Grande Mglass. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing. 1(2). pp. 101–111.
Amalu, T. et al. (2021). Tourism industry effects on socio-cultural activities of host communities: evidence from Cross River State, Nigeria: GeoJournal. 86(4). pp. 1691–1703.
Avraham, E. and Ketter, E. (2008). Media strategies for marketing places in crisis. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 14(4). p. 373.
Bauman, B. (1999). Bestandsanalyse des Industrietourismus zu produzierende Unternehmen im Südwesten Deutschlands. In: Fontanari, M.L., Treinen M., Weid, M., eds. Industrietourismus im Wettbewerb der Regionen. ETI-Texte. Heft 14. Trier.
Boulding, K. (1956). The image: Knowledge in life and society. University of Michigan Press.
Bożętka, B. (2013). Wolin Island, tourism and conceptions of identity. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 2(1). pp. 1–12.
Caffyn, A. and Lutz, J. (1999). Developing the heritage tourism product in multi-ethnic cities. Tourism Management. 20(2). pp. 213–221.
Cai, L. (2002). Cooperative branding for rural destinations. Annals of Tourism Research. 29(3). pp. 720–742.
Chasser, A. H. and Wolfe, J. C. (2010). Brand Rewired: Connecting Branding, Creativity, and Intellectual Property Strategy. John Wiley & Sons.
Chow, H. et al. (2017). Building brand equity through industrial tourism. Asia Pacific Management Review. 22(2). pp. 70–79. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2016.09.001.
CNNIndonesia (2019). Kawasan Industri Bernilai Rp 4,2 T Berdiri di Karawang. Available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20190621111418-92-405276/kawasan-industri-bernilai-rp42-t-berdiri-di-karawang.
Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Research Design.
Dinnie, K. (2008). Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Fontanari, M. and Weid, M. (1999). Industrial tourism as a tool for positioning in the competition between destinations. Industrial Tourism in The Competition Among Regions. ETI publications.
Frew, E. A. (2000). Industrial tourism: a conceptual and empirical analysis. Victoria University.
George, R. (2014). Marketing tourism in South Africa. Oxford University Press.
Goodnewsfromindonesia.id (2020). Karawang, Lumbung Padi yang Jadi Kawasan Industri Terkemuka. Available at: https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2020/11/25/karawang-lumbung-padi-yang-jadi-kawasan-industri-terkemuka.
Greenop, K. and Darchen, S. (2016). Identifying 'place' in place branding: core and periphery in Brisbane's "New World City". GeoJournal. 81(3). pp. 379–394.
Gunn, C. (1988). Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Haarhoff, R. (2019). Destination South Africa: Analysis of destination awareness and image by international visitors. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites. 24(1). pp. 201–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.24116-353.
Hankinson, G. (2007). The management of destination brands: Five guiding principles based on recent developments in corporate branding theory. Journal of brand management. 14(3). pp. 240–254.
Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y. and Uysal, M. (2006). Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places. Journal of business research. 59(5). pp. 638–642.
Hospers, G.-J. (2009). Lynch, Urry and city marketing: Taking advantage of the city as a built and graphic image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 5(3). pp. 226–233.
Hussein, A. (2020). City branding and urban tourist revisit intention: the mediation role of city image and visitor satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Policy. 10(3). pp. 262–279.
Jafari, J. et al. (2000). Encyclopedia of tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Kaplanidou, K. and Vogt, C. (2003). Destination branding: Concept and measurement. Travel Michigan and Michigan State University, Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources. pp. 1–7.
Kavaratzis, M. (2004). From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place branding. 1(1). pp. 58–73.
Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. (2005). City branding: an effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick?. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. 96(5). pp. 506–514.
Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. (2007). Partners in coffeeshops, canals and commerce: Marketing the city of Amsterdam. Cities. 24(1). pp. 16–25.
Kemenperin.go.id (2019). Usung Konsep 4.0, Kawasan Industri Senilai USD 300 Juta Berdiri di Karawang. Available at: https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/20778/Usung-Konsep-4.0,-Kawasan-Industri-Senilai-USD-300-Juta-Berdiri-di-Karawang.
Knapp, W. (1998). The Rhine‐Ruhr area in transformation: Towards a European metropolitan region? European Planning Studies. 6(4). pp. 379–393.
Knic.co.id (2019). Kota Industri Karawang merupakan yang Terbesar di Indonesia. Available at: https://www.knic.co.id/id/kota-industri-karawang-merupakan-yang-terbesar-di-indonesia.
Konecnik, M. and Go, F. (2008). Tourism destination brand identity: The case of Slovenia. Journal of brand management. 15(3). pp. 177–189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550114.
Krippendorf, J. (2009). The holiday makers: Understanding the impact of leisure and travel. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
Leisen, B. (2001). Image segmentation: the case of a tourism destination. Journal of services marketing.
Mader, T. (2005). Produzierende Betriebe als touristische Attraktionen im Ruhrgebiet: Grundlagen, Erscheinungsformen, Probleme. diplom. de.
Marcon, A., Preuilh, P. and Ksouri, S. (2000). Tourisme de découverte économique & visites d’entreprises: bilan, perspectives et préconisations pour un développement harmonieux et durable. Conseil national du tourisme.
Matiza, T. and Oni, O. A. (2014). Managing the tourist destination image: The case of Africa. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 62(4). pp. 397–406.
McBoyle, G. (1994). Industry's contribution to Scottish tourism: The example of malt whisky distilleries. Tourism: The state of the art. pp. 517–528.
Merz, M., He, Y. and Vargo, S. (2009). The evolving brand logic: a service-dominant logic perspective. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 37(3). pp. 328–344.
Miftahuddin, A. et al. (2021). City branding and its variables: The evidence from Indonesia. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites. 34(1). pp. 240–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.34132-643.
Mitchell, M. A. and Orwig, R. A. (2002). Consumer experience tourism and brand bonding. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Morice, J.-R. (2006). Visite d’entreprise en Europe. Editions touristiques européennes.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. (1999). Tourism and sustainability, new tourism in the Third World. Journal of development studies. 35(5). pp. 191–196.
Otgaar, A. (2010). Industrial tourism: Where the public meets the private.
Otgaar, A. (2012). Towards a common agenda for the development of industrial tourism. Tourism management perspectives. 4. pp. 86–91.
Otgaar, A. and Klijs, J. (2010). The regional economic effects of industrial tourism development. in 50th European Congress of the Regional Science Association International. J onkoping. Sweden.
Paliaga, M., Franjić, Z. and Strunje, Ž. (2010). Methodology of valuation of cities' brands. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja. 23(2). pp. 102–111.
Pechlaner, H., Fischer, E. and Go, F. (2006). Identity-creating values as a basis for the integrated promotion?-The case of Ingolstadt-AUDI AG Partnership.
Price, W. R. (2021). Mining for Tourists: An Analysis of Industrial Tourism and Government Policy in Wales. Tourism Planning & Development. 18(4). pp. 435–456. DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2020.1829695.
Risitano, M. (2006). The role of destination branding in the tourism stakeholders system. The Campi Flegrei case in IV International doctoral tourism and leisure colloquium.
Robinson, M. and Novelli, M. (2005). Niche tourism: an introduction. Niche tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases. pp. 1–11.
Rudd, M. A. (1988). Davis J 九 Industrial Heritage Tourism at the Bingham Canyon Copper Mine. Journal of travel research. 36(3). p. 85.
Saraniemi, S. (2011). From destination image building to identity‐based branding. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research.
Schmidt, D. (1988). Industrie-Tourismus: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Anwendung auf ausgewählte Gemeinden der Landkreise Coburg. Kronach und Lichtenfels/von Detlev Schmidt. Univ. Lehrstuhl Wirtschaftsgeographie u. Regionalplanung.
Setiyaning, K. A. and Nugroho, P. (2017). The role of batik and lurik in forming local identity in Klaten Regency based on public perception. Journal of Regional and City Planning. 28(1). pp. 32–51.
Soltani, A. et al. (2018). Exploring city branding strategies and their impacts on local tourism success, the case study of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 23(2). pp. 158–169. DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2017.1410195.
Swarbrooke, J. (2002). Turismo sustentável: turismo cultural, ecoturismo e ética. v. 5. Aleph.
Takon, T., Amalu, T. and Okpara, D. (2013). Assessment of local people's attitude towards natural resource conservation in Boki local government area of Cross River state, Nigeria. Research Journal in Organizational Psychology and Education Studies. 2(2). pp. 60–66.
Xie, P. F. (2006). Developing industrial heritage tourism: A case study of the proposed jeep museum in Toledo, Ohio. Tourism management. 27(6). pp. 1321–1330.
Yang, X. (2017). Industrial heritage tourism development and city image reconstruction in Chinese traditional industrial cities: a web content analysis. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 12(3). pp. 267–280. DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1236800.
Zevedo, A. (2004). Image transference from product branding to place branding: the case study of Marinha Grande Mglass. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing. 1(2). pp. 101–111.
Published
2023-11-29
How to Cite
Kusumaningrum, R., Dharta, F. Y., & Chaerudin. (2023). Analysing the potential of industrial tourism for Karawang and the socio-economic impact. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 7(3), 944 - 961. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v7i3.7406
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