Ambiguitas Terhadap Kepercayaan Tata Kelola Jaringan Dalam Pelaksanaan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat di Bangkalan

Abstract

This research purposes to identify the governance network structure, explain the impact of trust ambiguity on policy implementation, and integrate patron-client theory and religious social capital into the governance network concept. A qualitative case study approach was used, combining in-depth interviews with 11 informants (officials, kyai, community members), analysis of 37 policy documents (ministerial instructions, regent's decrees, Covid-19 task force reports), and field observations. The findings indicate an asymmetric governance network structure: the government holds legal legitimacy, while kyai control religious-based social capital. Collaborative governance was successful during the Micro PPKM (February–June 2021) through a jurisdiction-based strategic model, as evidenced by the decline in Covid-19 cases. However, the Emergency PPKM (July 2021) sparked mass resistance due to clashes between policy norms and the Bhuppa 'Bhebbu' Guruh Ratoh hierarchy, where mosque closures conflicted with religious values. The ambiguity of trust manifested itself in higher compliance with kyai (Islamic clerics) directives compared to government regulations, particularly during Eid al-Adha 2021. Its novelty lies in the integration of patron-client theory and religious social capital into governance network analysis, highlighting how dual authority and local wisdom shape policy effectiveness. Theoretically, this enriches the governance network literature by emphasizing cultural governance in hierarchical-religious societies. Policy recommendations include harmonizing health protocols with religious needs and establishing mediation forums based on local norms.