Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): September

This September 2025 issue publishes research in two sections, articles and Research Collaboration. First, articles authored/co-authored by researchers from 11 different affiliations (University of Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan, University of Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, University of Dharmas Indonesia, University of Sunan Bonang, University of Nurul Jadid, State University of Surabaya, Army Command and Staff College, University of Budi Luhur, Indonesian Coast Guard, and Politeknik Negeri Malang). Second, Research Collaboration is an article that specifically presents the results of research conducted by several universities in collaboration with the Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo, namely the State University of Surabaya, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, University of Muhammadiyah Bima, and University of Bumigora.