Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): December

This December 2025 issue publishes research in two sections, articles and Research Collaboration. First, articles authored/co-authored by researchers from 12 different affiliations (Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Islamic University of Indonesia, University of Dharmas Indonesia, University of Narotama, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, University of Airlangga, University of Bumigora, University of Tadulako, University of Mataram, Department of Environment of Dompu Regency, University of Tarumanagara, and University of Muhammadiyah Kendari). Second, Research Collaboration is an article that specifically presents the results of research conducted by several universities in collaboration with the Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo, namely the University of Bumigora, State University of Surabaya, University of Tarumanagara, University of Airlangga, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, and Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram.